Test 1

Question 1

Therapy Dynamics/Skills

Answer 1

communicating expectations, enthusiasm/animation/volume, seating/arrangements/proximity/touch, preparation/pacing/fluency,
antecedents: alerting stimuli, cueing, modeling, prompting
direct teaching: learning modalities, describing, demonstrating, questioning, wait time
stimulus presentation: shaping
positive reinforcers: verbal praise, tokens and primary reinforcers
correct feedback in the therapeutic process
data collection
probing
behavioral management
troubleshooting

Question 2

Therapeutic Mindset

Answer 2

anticipate, evaluate, and interact

interact: interpersonal demeanor, non-verbal behaviors

Question 3

Normative Strategy

Answer 3

base goals on known developmental sequences of communities behaviors in normally achieving individuals

1. targets are taught in the order they developmentally emerge
2. most effective for articulation and language with children
3. least effective for adults, voice and fluency

Question 4

Client Specific Strategies

Answer 4

base goals on client’s specific needs for communication rather than developmental norms

Question 5

Goal Writing/Behavioral Objectives

Answer 5

“Do” statement: action
Use words such as: point to, name, ask, write, label, vocalize, count, tell…
Avoid: understand, learn, remember, apply etc.

Question 6

Condition

Answer 6

situation in which the target behavior will be performed example: spontaneously, cued, given a list of words

Question 7

Criterion

Answer 7

what is the target? examples: 90% accuracy, less than 4 errors in 3 consecutive sessions, 80% accuracy over 2 sessions

Question 8

Treatment Sequence

Answer 8

Eval and Planning: diagnostic eval, treatment plan
Getting the new behavior to occur: strategically teach the desired behavior
Habituating the new behavior: make the new behavior a habit in the therapy setting
Generalize the new behavior: help the client perform the new activities outside the therapy room setting

Question 9

Session Design

Answer 9

The clinician:
gives instruction
presents stimulus
waits for a response
responds
presents appropriate reinforcer
records data
removes stimulus 
The start the process over

Question 10

Continious Reinforcer

Answer 10

a reinforcer is presented after a correct response, more prone to extinction

Question 11

Intermittent Reinforcer

Answer 11

only some of the correct responses are followed by a reinforcer

Question 12

Fixed ration Reinforcer

Answer 12

set number of correct responses, so every 3 correct answers gets the reinforcer

Question 13

Fixed Interval Reinforcer

Answer 13

set number of time receives the reinforcer, so every minute, every 3 minutes etc

Question 14

Variable Ratio Reinforcer

Answer 14

reinforce after a few specific responses, no fixed time frame

Question 15

Variable Interval Reinforcer

Answer 15

reinforce after a time, the time is not fixed

Question 16

Reinforcement Principles

Answer 16

1. Positive Reinforcement: Strengthens behavior
2. Successive Approximation: develops a new behavior, tiny rewards toward a goal
3. Modeling: develops a new behavior, the clinician gives the client models during the session
4. Queueing: develops new behavior, but you’re giving a queue or a prompt, something to get the new behavior that you want.
5. Substitution: Substitution is to help maintain new behavior. If you think of substituting one thing for another– for example, if you’re using a token reinforcement system, what you’ll want to end up doing is substituting verbal reinforcement.
6. Intermittent: Intermittent reinforcement also maintains new behaviors
7. Satiation: Satiation stops inappropriate behavior
8. Extinction: stops a behavior
9. Incompatible Alternative: will stop the behavior by giving them 2 things they can’t do at the same time
10. Negative Reinforcement: stop a behavior, losing toys, losing privileges

Question 17

Behavior

Answer 17

anything that a person does

Question 18

Stimulus

Answer 18

something that attracts your attention

Question 19

Response

Answer 19

Reaction to the stimulus

Question 20

Antecedent Event

Answer 20

event that precedes an event

Question 21

Fading

Answer 21

when you start the removal of a stimulus

Question 22

Approach Motivation

Answer 22

means that the client is approaching this because they think they’re going to get a reward

Question 23

Contingent Event

Answer 23

something that follows a response, could be a reward

Question 24

Avoidance Motivation

Answer 24

the client thinks there is a penalty

Question 25

Modeling

Answer 25

you give an example, demonstrating the behavior

Question 26

Guidance

Answer 26

a prompt or que

Question 27

Extinction

Answer 27

withhold reward

Question 28

Shaping

Answer 28

Shaping is where you take something and you mold it a little bit better to get something better

Question 29

Token Economy

Answer 29

token economy is a reinforcing principle. And it’s where you’re giving tokens themselves as the reinforcer.

Question 30

Multi-phonetic Approach

Answer 30

designed for an individual with multiple articulation errors, originally designed for children with cleft pallets