Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

western civ > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hebrews

A
  • two kingdoms
  • monotheistic (Yahweh)
  • Assyrians (Israel), Babylonians (Judah)
  • Cyrus freed them from captivity (rebuilt temple)
  • allowed to return to Jerusalem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who was Cyrus?

A
  • freed from Babylonians (500)
  • benevolent+tolerant
  • less slaves
  • architecture+structures
  • kept beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the religion in Persia?

A

-zoroastrian: moral responsibility to chose between good and evil, just life=good afterlife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was a Greek polis?

A
  • new type of political structure
  • own laws
  • basic political and institutional unit in Greece at the time
  • city+surrounding country side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What made them Greek?

A

-language, culture, religion, united under Alexander the Great

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How was the minority treated in Athens?

A
  • aristocracy governed Athens oppressively
  • forced small farm owners into economic dependence
  • draco: law applies to all equally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who was Solon?

A
  • gained trust of common people
  • freed people that were slaves because of debt
  • made making people slaves because of debt illegal
  • did not have the trust of everyone
  • Pissitorus, Cleitheros
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the ecclesia and boule?

A
  • ecclesia: assembly of all citizens (citizens went and voted)
  • boule: council of 500 citizens (guided Athenian political life)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did the slaves in Athens do?

A
  • domestic servants
  • worked doing agriculture and farming
  • tasks that were degrading to Athenians
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the gynaeceum?

A
  • room in the back of the house where the women and female slaves resided
  • women were not allowed to leave or mix
  • secluded from society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was citizen women’s role?

A
  • stay at home and oversee the household+children

- wealthier women spent most of their time in the gynaeceum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How did non-citizen women live?

A
  • had more freedom than citizen women

- did manuel work and sold goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did pornai, palakai, and heterae do?

A
  • poor streetwalkers
  • hired misstresses
  • attended social events with men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the perfect relationship in Greece?

A
  • between a younger man and a slightly older man

- same sex relationships between men were generally accepted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who was Sappho?

A
  • lyrical poet known for her sexuality

- from Lesbos=Lesbian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was pre-Socrates philosophy?

A
  • rational explanations for human nature
  • building blocks of the universe
  • fire,water,earth,air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was a Sophist?

A
  • someone that questioned the beliefs and laws of the polis

- developed politics and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was Socrates?

A
  • questioned participants to gain knowledge
  • challenged traditional beliefs
  • did not believe in Gods of the city and government decisions
  • executed because challenging traditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who was Plato?

A
  • two worlds: changing with our senses and unchanging realm of forms
  • idealistic
  • platonic ideals: eternal, unchanging ideal forms that are the essence of true reality
  • republic: best form of government, enlightened individual should have control
    democracy: too undisciplined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A
  • true knowledge comes from observing the world
  • empiricism: scientific method
  • observation, logic, ethics
  • tutored Alexander
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A
  • conquers all city states in Greece, Egypt, Persian empire
  • dies at 33
  • Ptolemy becomes pharaoh
22
Q

What is patrilineal and patrilocal?

A
  • inheritance through the males, kids get fathers name

- females leave their families and move in with the husbands family

23
Q

What is a republic (Rome)?

A
  • state where supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives
  • voted for 2 consuls and magistrates
24
Q

Who was Julius Caesar?

A
  • military leader and smart politician
  • turned victories into permanent gains
  • emperor of Rome
  • death: people believed he was gaining absolute power so he was stabbed
25
Q

What was Octavian?

A
  • Julius’ adopted son
  • takes overs Julius’ position
  • rules the west (44bce)
26
Q

Who was Antony?

A
  • ruled the east

- had Cleopatra’s support

27
Q

What was the battle of Actium?

A
  • battle between Octavian and Antony (31 bce)
  • Octavian wins
  • Cleopatra and Antony kill themselves
28
Q

What are the negative and positive aspects of Rome’s legacy?

A
  • p: spread civilization, rule of law, spread of Latin, infrastructure and aqueducts
  • n: slavery, fights within each other, too big
29
Q

Who were zealots?

A

-zealots were people who encourage armed rebellion against Roman rule

30
Q

Who was the Messiah?

A

-individual in the Jewish religion that is an appointed leader and that brings happiness to all Jews

31
Q

What is a pagan?

A
  • rural settler that practiced religions that aren’t Judaism or Christianity
  • religions devoted to traditional Roman Gods
32
Q

Who was Pilate?

A
  • Pilate was a Roman governor that sentenced Jesus to death
  • As a governor, he wanted peace and order with no rebellions
  • saw Jesus as a threat because Jesus claimed to be the king to all Jews
33
Q

Who was Jesus?

A
  • born in Galilee
  • teachings were passed down by his followers
  • preached of a heavenly kingdom of eternal happiness in a life after death
  • devotion to God and love of others
  • was based on the Hebrew scripture
  • Gospels: records of his life, most widely copied and circulated
  • teachings were first passed down orally then eventually written
34
Q

Who was Paul?

A
  • helped Christianity grow as he connected it in a non-Jewish way
  • important figure in changing Christianity converts (Jews, Greeks, Romans+all social classes but mostly urban)
35
Q

What were the factors of Christianity?

A
  • promised immortality widely
  • offered forgiveness (even the best Christians would fall into a sin)
  • gave people in the Roman world a cause (striving for a goal)
36
Q

What revolt occurred?

A
  • 66:Jewish Zealots revolted to free Jerusalem from the Romans
  • 70: Roman emperor sends force to crush the rebels (temple is destroyed)
37
Q

What did Constantine do?

A

-legalizes Christianity in 312

38
Q

What did Theodosius do?

A
  • makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire in 398
  • makes old Roman religion illegal
39
Q

How was Christianity spread?

A
  • through Paul’s changes and developments

- conversion and missionaries

40
Q

What is the Qu’ran?

A
  • sacred book of Islam
  • was written by Muhammed’s followers
  • Muhammed died in 632
41
Q

How did Islam expand?

A
  • attracted people because it was straightforward

- accepted Christians and Jews because they were people of the book

42
Q

What is jihad?

A
  • self-exertion
  • strive and struggle
  • lead a virtuous life and spread God’s rule and law
  • go to armed conflict to defend the faith
43
Q

Who are the shi’a’s?

A
  • supporters of Ali and saw him as their divine leader

- most countries had Shi’a majority (Iran, Persia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia)

44
Q

Who are the Sunnis?

A

-saw caliphs as proper political leaders

45
Q

What was Andalusia?

A

-southern Spain (Moorish) where the the Muslim Moors invaded

46
Q

Why was Andalusia a pluralist society?

A

-harmony, great place to be, Jews and Christians were treated well

47
Q

What was Cordoba?

A
  • center of Jewish and Muslim learning
  • 500,000 by 950
  • water and sewage system
  • cleaning streets
  • 400,000 library
48
Q

What did muslims contribute to agriculture?

A

-carrot, rice, sugarcane, eggplants, citrus fruits, figs

49
Q

Who was Al-Khawarizmi?

A
  • wrote the first work with the word algebra

- brought the Hindi system of numbers from India to Europe and applied it to physics and astronomy

50
Q

What did Muslim scholars do?

A
  • translated and codified scientific learnings in Greek and Persian antiquity in Latin 1150-1250
  • brought Aristotle into Europe

western civ (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions