Test 1 Flashcards
What was the Treaty of Westphalia? 1648
It was an agreement that ended the 30 yrs war in Europe in the 1600s of Protestants against Catholics
What did the Peace Treaty of Westphalia do?
It ended the 30 years war in 1648, breaking power between secular & spiritual authority. It ushered in the move toward a more secular hierarchy in Europe instead of ruling over people instead of territories.
What was the goal of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia?
To maintain the balance of power in Europe over different royal houses & end the 30 yrs was between protestants and Catholics in the 1600s. To end the feudal system with no clear hierarchy
Why did Europe need a new political system in the 1600s?
Rise of a new economic system, Martin Luther & the protestant reformation, rise of scientific knowledge, no clear hierarchy and end of the feudal system, claim to authority was based on church ties, sovereignty more practical for trade & war, Henry & Anglican separatists
Can sovereignty be violated?
Yes, the international system is based on anarchy.
Why do we need “states”?
Provides security & order, protects human rights, enhances political & social well-being
How do states overcome anarchy?
International law & International Government Organizations (UN, WTO, EU, AU)
What are the sources of international law?
- treaty law
- customary law
- general principles
- judicial decisions
What is treaty law?
An agreement between two parties: written (codified,) binding for those who have signed it.
What is customary law?
General state practice accepted as law (WRITTEN & UNWRITTEN) based on the behavior of states, legal basis of states, written & unwritten, binding under international law
What is the state centric approach?
States can fight global problems once than enhance law & order institutions, maintain control & order over institutions, control over their borders/markets, and multilateral cooperation among states. This doesn’t work for GLOBAL ISSUES
What is a state?
A political unit that has sovereignty over an area not a nation of people
What is sovereignty?
A form of political organization that has dominated the international system since 1648 peace treaty of Westphalia that gives the state the ability to govern matters within its own borders. A sovereign state has international recognition
What are the features of the contemporary global system?
Highly decentralized power of state continues to erode characterized by a sovereign state
What is a nation?
group of people who share religion, ethnicity, racial, or culture, etc.
What is a nation state?
A group of people who share a single nationality within the boundaries of a single state
Why is nationalism on the rise?
Social media, globalization, political instability, increasing immigrants, populism
What is civic nationalism?
Based on citizenship
•Group is held together by territoriality, civic rights and legal codes (memory, myths and symbolism relate to civic commonalities)
•Citizens are equal before law
•Inclusive
What is ethnic nationalism?
Based on ethnic linkages rather than citizenship. It depends on blood ties, bonds to the land, and native traditions (ethnicity)
•People develop collective memory, common language, values, religion, myth and symbolism all linked to common ethnicity
Exclusive
What are examples of ethnic nationalism?
Nazism, Zionism
What is Zionism?
The desire of the jews to have their own promised (religious) homeland in Israel/Canaan/Plaestine, largely as a response of prosecution from Europeans (modern)
What is the solution for zionism?
For it to be a secular, anti-religious movement with Herlz as president of World Zionist organization and needed support of major European power
Who is Theodor Herzl?
He formed the zionist organization as a modern political organization as a journalist and political activist, led first zionist movement in 1897
What are General principles under sources of international law?
legal beliefs, judidical decisions, & good faith
What created sovereignty?
treaty of westaphalia 1648
What are international orgs?
Refer to an entity created by a treaty, involving three or more nations to work in good faith on issues of shared interest. EX: United nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO), North atlantic treaty org (NATO)
What are international orgs?
Refer to an entity created by a treaty, involving three or more nations to work in good faith on issues of shared interest. EX: United nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO), North atlantic treaty org (NATO), UNICEF
What is global security?
“refers to the effort made by countries of the world to reduce conflicts, promote individual prosperity…The idea that states do not stand alone in Global politic
What is the UN?
An IGO established in 1945 after WW@ to coordinate trade & reduce tarfiffs, has 193 Member state founded on the principle of collective security
■Goals and purposes:(Article 1 of the Charter)
ØMaintains peace and security
ØPromotes Human Rights and self-determination
ØDevelops international cooperation in economic, social, and cultural matters.
ØManages Conflict resolution through mediation, negotiation, and judicial settlements
What is the UN?
An IGO established in 1945 with 193 Member state founded on the principle of collective security
■Goals and purposes:(Article 1 of the Charter)
ØMaintains peace and security
ØPromotes Human Rights and self-determination
ØDevelops international cooperation in economic, social, and cultural matters.
ØManages Conflict resolution through mediation, negotiation, and judicial settlements
What are the main organs of the UN?
- General assembly
- security council
- the secretariat
- international court of justice
- the economic and social council
- the trusteeship council
What does the general assembly of the UN do?
(193 Member states) each one equal vote.ØThe main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UNØFunctions and powers:üelects aGA Presidentto serve a one-year term of office üappoints the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Security Councilüelects the non-permanent members of the Security Councilüapproves the UN budgetüGeneral Debate on resolutionüDecisions aremade by a 2/3-majority of t
What does the security council of the UN do?
Main Organs: The SecurityCouncil ■Security Council (5 permanent + 10 non-permanent). Term ofNon-permanent members is 2 years. ■Africa 3 + South America & Caribbean 2+ Asia 3+ Western Europe and North America 5+ Eastern Europe 2■Function and PowersüPurpose:Collective SecurityüSC ResolutionüProcedural matters: affirmative vote of nine members.üAll othermatters 9 affirmative: Veto Power (great powerunanimity)üPresidency roates/changes every month
What does the Secretariat of the UN do?
comprises theSecretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members üPurpose: diplomat and advocate “chief administrative officer” of the Organization üCurrent Secretary-General: Mr. António Guterres of Portugal, who took office on January 1, 2017
What does the international court of justice of the UN do?
Main Judicial organ üThe World Courtü15 judgesüPurpose: To settle disputes submitted by statesPeace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands)
What does the economic and social council of the UN do?
Main Organs: TheEconomic and Social Council üIt has54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year termsüIt is the UN’ central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking onsustainable developmentüPurpose: implementation of internationally agreed development goal
What does the trusteeship council of the UN do?
Prepare territories for self-government and independenceüSuspended in 1994 after the independence of Palauü11TrustTerritorie
What are some challenges and weakeness of the UN?
■UN Charter is undemocratic■Represent the interest of rich countries■Too much power in the hands of unelected official■Often not wanted by the locals■Misconduct against locals■Corruption
How does the UN maintain international peace and security?
ØPreventive Diplomacy and MediationØPeacekeepingØPeacebuildingØCountering TerrorismØDisarmament
What are the 4 compenents of sovereign statement?
territory, government, population, sovereignty
What was the warsaw pact?
Created during the Cold War 1955-1991. It was a collective military of eastern Europe and USSR against W germany’s threat of invasion
What was NATO?
North Atlantic treaty organization- cold war - 1949: Created to strengthen western allies & Germany when w & e germany became divided with berlin wall. Purpose to secure peace in Europe after ww2
What are the functions of a state?
Governance. Market Engagement. ... Security. ... Infrastructure. ... Rule of Law. ... Human Capital. ... Public Financial Management. ... Citizen Engagement.
