Test 1 Flashcards
How do you get from Kelvin to Celsius?
K - 273.15 = C
What is kilo-?
10^3
What is hecto-?
10^2
What is deca-?
10^1
What is deci-?
10^-1
What is centi-?
10^-2
What is milli-?
10^-3
What is micro-?
10^-6
What is nano-?
10^-9
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022x10^23
What is an ionic bond?
A bond where one atom takes an electron from another and they are bound via the negative-positive charges that result from that interaction
What is a molecular bond?
A bond where two atoms share electrons, if the sharing is unequal the bond is polar.
What are ions?
Different charged versions of the same element due to a different number of electrons
What are isotopes?
Different versions of the same element due to a different number of neutrons– increasing atomic mass
What is Zeff?
Effective nuclear charge (protons - inner electrons), the electrons that actually have an effective charge
What is electron affinity?
the energy required to add an electron to an atom, increases up and across the periodic table approaching fluorine
What is ionization energy?
the energy required to remove an electron, increases up and across the periodic table approaching fluorine
What is electronegativity?
how well an element can attract electrons, increases up and across the periodic table approaching fluorine
What is atomic radii?
basically atom “size”, increases the further left and down the periodic table you go
What are halogens?
Group 17, starts with flourine
What are chalcogens?
Group 16, starts with oxygen
What are pnictogens?
Group 15, starts with nitrogen
What is a homogenous mixture?
even dispersion of mixture components
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
uneven dispersion of mixture components
What is a pure substance?
composed of a single element or compound
What is a compound?
two or more elements
What are chemical properties?
the abilities of matter to undergo changes in the presence of certain chemicals
What are physical properties?
the extensive and intensive properties of certain types of matter that do not change its composition
What are extensive properties?
properties of matter that depend of the amount of it present
What are intensive properties?
properties of matter that do not depend of the amount of it present
What is a phase boundary?
the point between two states of matter
What is the critical point?
The temp and pressure where the density of gas and liquid are equal
What is a supercritical fluid?
indistinguishable between gas or liquid
What are alkali metals?
Group 1, starting with Li
What are alkali earth metals?
Group 2, starting with Be
What are metalloids?
An “in-between” group of elements starting with B
What are post-transition metals?
A group of elements from G 13 to G 16, starting with Al
What are transition metals?
All the elements in the “d” block
What is cyanide?
CN negative 1
What is carbonate?
CO3 negative 2
What is phosphate?
PO4 negative 3
What is phosphite?
PO3 negative 3
What is sulfite?
SO3 negative 2
What is sulfate?
SO4 negative 2
What is nitrite?
NO2 negative 1
What is nitrate?
NO3 negative 1
What is hydroxide?
OH negative 1
What is ammonium?
NH4 positive 1
What is sublimation?
Solid to Gas
What is deposition?
Gas to Solid
What is ionization?
Gas to Plasma
What is recombination?
Plasma to Gas
What are examples of chemical properites?
flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity
What are examples of intensive properties?
boiling point, hardness, color
What are examples of extensive properties?
mass, volume and entropy
