Test 1

Question 1

Which of the following nursing actions would be most appropriate for a patient who is receiving diuretic therapy for cardiac failure?

a. monitor for hypotension
b. monitor for edema reduction in lower legs
c. have the patient sit straight up
d. ensure the patient is receiving IV fluid replacement

Answer 1

Monitor for hypotension

Question 2

The patient has returned from surgery after a total parathyroidectomy, the nurse should assess for which of the following complications after surgery

a. post nasal drip
b. tetany
c. tremors in the arms and legs
d. watery eyes

Answer 2

tetany

Question 3

which of the following statements is true of the pathophysiology of HIV?

a. the virus does not change human DNA
b. HIV can be cured
c. HIV requires a host cell, such as CD4+ to reproduce
d. it is contagious through physical touching of the skin

Answer 3

The DNA of HIV requires a host cell, such as CD4+, to reproduce

Question 4

A cardiac catheterization is ordered most commonly for which purpose ?

a. unclogs blocked arteries
b. for PICC line insertion
c. the assessment of coronary artery patency
d. to assess arterial blood pressure

Answer 4

the assess coronary artery patency

Question 5

a patient comes to the health clinic complaining of tremors and hyperexcitability. The nurse observes the patient has exophthalmos. The patient is exhibiting signs and symptoms of which of the following?

a. hypothyroidism
b. hyperthyroidism
c. Cushing’s syndrome
d. Addison’s disease

Answer 5

Hyperthyroidism

Question 6

a nurse is attending an immunology conference. after learning about the function of the immune system, the nurse knows that B cells are responsible for?

a. DNA replication
b. production of antibodies
c. production of memory cells
d. replication of T-cells

Answer 6

production of antibodies

Question 7

assessment of a patient who has experienced massive emesis during the last 24 hours indicated that he may be in the compensatory stage of shock. How should the nurse position the patient?

a. trendelenburg
b. supine
c. lateral recumbent
d. semi fowlers

Answer 7

Later recumbent (Sim’s)

Question 8

patients started on thyroid replacement therapy are watched for which of the following?

a. increase of the effect of anticoagulant
b. retraction of bulging eyes
c. mouth tremors
d. decreased effect of levothyroxine

Answer 8

increase of the effect of anticoagulant

Question 9

a patient is diagnosed with Grave’s disease. the nurse is aware that the patient may have which of the following physical characteristics?

a. swelling of the eyes
b. bulging eyes
c. hyper extension of the hands
d. dry lips

Answer 9

bulging eyes

Question 10

a nurse is explaining to a patient the common features of leukemia, which is…

a. high platelet counts
b. decrease in production of RBC
c. decrease in production of WBC
d. unregulated proliferation of macrophages

Answer 10

decrease in production of white blood cells/

unregulated proliferation of white blood cells

Question 11

which of the following assessment findings would the nurse consider to be most indicative of right sided heart failure?

a. a patient experiencing recent weight gain and complains of swollen ankles
b. increase headaches and dizziness
c. numbness and tingling to the left arm
d. stomach ache

Answer 11

a patient experiencing recent weight gain and complains of swollen ankles

Question 12

when performing an assessment on a patient who is admitted with unstable angina, the nurse notes that the patient’s nail beds and lips have a bluish tinge. The nurse would chart this as?

a. raynodes disease
b. peripheral cyanosis
c. systemic cyanosis
d. decreased O2 demands

Answer 12

peripheral cyanosis

Question 13

which of the following should be the nurses priority nursing diagnosis in the care for a patient with acute leukemia ?

a. increased risk for fatigue
b. risk for falls
c. risk for bleeding and infection
d. increased need for nutrients

Answer 13

Risk for bleeding and infection

Question 14

the nurse notes that there are changes in the ECG of a patient who experienced an MI. A change that may indicate that ischemia is occurring is?

a. prolonged Q wave
b. shortened S valleys
c. T-wave inversion
d. R-S peak inversion

Answer 14

T-wave inversion

Question 15

what causes hypovolemic shock ?

a. increased fluid buildup in the peritoneal cavity
b. decrease in blood flow through the heart
c. fluid circulating in the blood stream decreases
d. fluid in the veins is stagnant

Answer 15

fluid circulating in the blood stream decreases

Question 16

a nurse is assessing a patient for symptoms of neurogenic shock after a spinal cord injury. what should the nurse be monitoring the patient for?

a. bladder spasms
b. bradycardia
c. tachycardia
d. hypotension

Answer 16

bradycardia

Question 17

which of the following may develop in the patient when ketone bodies accumulate in excessive amounts?

a. acidosis
b. alkosis
c. urinary retention
d. ketoneacidosis

Answer 17

acidosis

Question 18

which of the following patients would be characterized as experiencing a diagnosis other than circulatory shock?

a. a 56-year old type 1 diabetic who is experiencing insulin shock
b. a 33-year-old with chest pain
c. a 12-year-old with leg twitches
d. a 88-year old with Cushing’s syndrome experiencing pain behind the eyes

Answer 18

a 56-year old type 1 diabetic who is experiencing insulin shock

Question 19

which of the following statements is true about viral load testing?

a. CD4 counts are indicators that viral load testing should be done
b. viral load testing is a better predictor of the risk of HIV progression than the CD4 count
c. viral load testing indicates that length of time before AIDS begins
d. CD4 counts are the only way to test for HIV, not viral load testing

Answer 19

Viral load testing is a better predictors of the risk of HIV progression than the CD4 count

Question 20

a patient is diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. the nurse should explain to the pt that which of the following phenomena could have caused this condition?

a. decreased production of platelets
b. antiplatelet aggregation
c. increased flow of RBC
d. decreased presence of WBC in the blood stream

Answer 20

decreased production of platelets

Question 21

the nurse is providing care for a patient who is on airborne precautions. the pt asks the nurse to leave his door open. how should the nurse best reply?

Answer 21

“i must keep your door shut at all times. I’ll open the curtains so that you don’t fell so closed in”

Question 22

when discussing angina pectoris secondary to atherosclerotic disease with a pt they ask why they experience chest pain with exertion. the nurse informs the patient that exertion has which of the following effects?

Answer 22

increases in the hearts oxygen

Question 23

which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to a diabetic patient to prevent hypoglycemia?

Answer 23

always carry a form of fast-acting sugar

Question 24

which of the following assessment findings indicate right-sided cardiac failure?

Answer 24

distended neck veins

Question 25

for a patient in irreversible shock, the nurse should encourage the patient's family to do which of the following?

Answer 25

see, touch, and talk to the patient

Question 26

a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is not responding to conservative treatments. His condition is now becoming life-threatening. The nurse is aware that a treatment option in this case may included which of the following?

Answer 26

splenectomy

Question 27

which of the following characteristics is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 27

it is an inherited disease

Question 28

the nurse is doing his morning rounds and finds a 54-year-old male client in respiratory distress. the nurse notes large quantities of frothy blood-tinged sputum, indicating which of the following?

Answer 28

severe pulmonary edema

Question 29

a patients CBC has revealed the presence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a health problem of which both the care team and the patient were previously unaware. the nurse who is providing care for the patient should prioritize which of the following teaching points?

Answer 29

infection risk and strategies for avoiding infection

Question 30

a 66-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of midsternal chest pain that has lasted for the last 5 hours. the nurse is aware that because of the length of time the patient has been experiencing symptoms, if they are caused by an MI, the myocardium ...

Answer 30

may have developed an increased area of infarction

Question 31

a patient is receiving an initial dose of penicillin IV. during the infusion the patient becomes short of breath. what is the first thing the nurse should do?

Answer 31

stop the infusion of the medication

Question 32

paramedics have reported their imminent arrival to the emergency department with a 61-year-old patient who is displaying signs and symptoms of an MI. what aspect of the patients problem is likely to contribute to cardiogenic shock?

Answer 32

destruction of the left ventricular myocardium that results in impaired circulation

Question 33

a nurse in the emergency department has just initiated an insulin infusion that has been ordered for a patient who is displaying the s&s of diabetic ketoacidosis. the nurse would recognize that which of the following pathophysiologic phenomena underlies the patients diagnosis?

Answer 33

an increase in the patients breakdown of fat for energy

Question 34

medical management of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes which of the following?

Answer 34

aggressive chemotherapy treatment

Question 35

a nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after treatment for acute leukemia. To manage mucositis and painful mucous membranes, the nurse should instruct the patient to eat which of the following foods?

Answer 35

soft-textured foods, such as meat loaf

Question 36

the nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect to find?

Answer 36

deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area

Question 37

which of the following criteria would indicate that a patient has AIDS (CDC category 3)?

Answer 37

the patient displays opportunistic infections associated with HIV infections

Question 38

15 minutes after infusion of packed RBCs has begun, the patient complains of difficulty breathing and chest tightness. what is the most appropriate action for the nurse to first take?

Answer 38

to discontinue the transfusion immediately

Question 39

a nurse is caring for a client with AIDS, while providing morning care, the nurse notices that the client has several skin lesions on the face and upper body. the nurse knows that the client has which of the following skin conditions common to patients?

Answer 39

Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 40

which of the following statements best captures the essence of shock?

Answer 40

cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients

Question 41

an adult patient has had symptoms of unstable angina during admission to the hospital. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the discomfort associated with angina?

Answer 41

ineffective cardiac tissue perfusion secondary to CAD, as evidence by chest pain

Question 42

when being discharged home, the nurse should instruct a patient with HF to monitor his or her fluid balance by?

Answer 42

monitoring daily weight

Question 43

a patient is diagnosed as having an elevated cholesterol level. the nurse is aware that plaque on the inner lumen of arteries is composed chiefly of?

Answer 43

lipids and fibrous tissue

Question 44

geriatric patients with diabetes are at an increased risk for poorly managing their diabetes, owing to which of the following reasons?

Answer 44

their appetite decreased and they have poor dentition

Question 45

in type 2 DM, the patient demonstrates which of the following characteristics?

Answer 45

usually obesity at diagnosis

Question 46

when discussing the patient's elevated LDL and lowered HDL levels, the patient shows understanding of these levels by the statement?

Answer 46

Increased LDL and decreased HDL increase my risk of CAD

Question 47

which of the following complications of DM is termed "macro vascular"?

Answer 47

CVA

Question 48

a male patient with DM informs the nurse he is feeling nervous and hungry. the nurse further assess the patient and finds he is tachycardia and diaphoretic. the nurse should administer which of the following?

Answer 48

fruit juice

Question 49

in addition to pain control, what is the rationale for administering morphine for cardiogenic shock?

Answer 49

it dilates the blood vessels

Question 50

a patient is experiencing cardiogenic shock secondary to hypervolemia. the nurse should expect which of the following treatments to be ordered?

Answer 50

diuretics

Question 51

the patient has returned after a thyroidectomy. how should the patient be positioned to promote comfort?

Answer 51

semi-fowlers with the head supported by 2 pillows

Question 52

which of the following guidelines apply to periods of illness (sick day rules), in a diabetic patient?

Answer 52

do not eliminate insulin when nauseated and/or vomiting

Question 53

the nurse is preparing to administer a unit of blood to a patient who is anemic. What is the... (cant remember the rest of the question but the answer is...)

Answer 53

4 hours

Question 54

a 49-year-old client is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. the client is obese. the nurse needs to determine whether the client has other major risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). which factor would indicate the most increased risk for CAD>

Answer 54

a history of alcoholism

Question 55

a patient is in the compensatory stage of shock. what is an early sign that accompanies this stage of shock?

Answer 55

cool, clammy skin

Question 56

which of the following clinical syndromes of HIV is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive behaviour and motor functions?

Answer 56

HIV encephalopathy

Question 57

a patient with iron deficiency anemia states that he has minimal energy and finds it difficult to manage the household and work. what is the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to take to help the patient manage his fatigue?

Answer 57

to assist the patient to prioritize activities and establish an activity rest schedule

Question 58

the nurse is working in a support group for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). which point is the most important for the nurse to stress?

Answer 58

follow safer sex practices

Question 59

a patient with thyroid cancer undergoes a thyroidectomy. after surgery the patient develops peripheral numbness and tingling and muscle twitching and spasms. the nurse should expect to administer what?

Answer 59

intravenous calcium gluconate

Question 60

a 48-year old with longstanding dx of HIV has been admitted to hospital because of a recent exacerbation of his symptoms. which of the following S&S is typical of gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV

Answer 60

anorexia and diarrhea

Question 61

a clinical nurse educator is orienting recent nursing graduates to the subacute geriatric unit of the hospital. which of the following teaching points regarding hypothyroidism in older adults should the educator emphasize to the new nurses?

Answer 61

older adults tend not to exhibit symptoms of hypothyroidism so they rely heavily on blood tests

Question 62

the nurse is administering SL nitroglycerin to a patient immediately, what should the nurse assess for ?

Answer 62

throbbing headache and dizziness.