Test 05 Flashcards
“g”
The general mental ability presumed to underlie the substantial positive correlations among many mental tests
Index Scores
A factor-based score on one of the four Wechsler intelligence scales
crystallized intelligence
In several theories of intelligence, that part of intelligence resulting from the accumulation of specific learning experiences
fluid intelligence
In several theories of intelligence, the part of intelligence that is supposedly not dependent on highly specific learning experiences
primary mental abilities
Thurstone’s multiple-factor theory of intelligence, suggesting that there are about seven relatively distinct dimensions of mental ability
three-stratum theory
A hierarchical model that places generalized intelligence at the top, with fluid and crystalized intelligence in stratum 2, with specific features in the lowest stratum (one)
rapport
A warm, friendly atmosphere established at the onset of a testing session
start-and-stop rules
In an individually administered test that covers a wide span of abilities, the rules for where to begin and where to stop for an individual in the full range of items
digit span
A test involving short-term memory for a series of random numbers
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
A version of the WISC that is developed for children aged 2-7 years old
Full Scale IQ (FSIQ)
The total score, combining subscores, on one of the Wechsler intelligence scales
hierarchical model
A model of intelligence that postulates a tree-like arrangement of specific abilities aggregated into higher, successively more general abilities
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
A widely used intelligence test that measures intelligence and cognitive ability in adults by way of ten subtests that are summed into four index scores, which is further summed into a full scale intelligence quotient
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
An intelligence test that measures a child’s intellectual ability and 5 cognitive domains that impact performance
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)
An intelligence test that is designed to measure intelligence in a very brief period of time (10-15 minutes)
Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)
A widely used measure of memory that scores performance in five index scores; auditory, visual, visual working, immediate, and delayed
delayed memory
Remembering material after about 20-30 minutes
immediate memory
Remembering material over an extremely short span of time
intellectual disability
A condition characterized by substantially subaverage mental ability and adaptive behavior, with onset during developmental years
adaptive behavior
Behaviors related to coping in everyday life
neuropsychology
The study of brain–behavior relationships
phrenology
The study of the relationship between one’s moral, emotional, and intellectual behaviors and variations of the skull’s surface
clinical neuropsychology
A specialty that combines human neuropsychology with clinical psychology
aphasia
Deficits in the ability to express or comprehend written or spoken communication as a result of brain injury
fixed battery
The same set of tests is used to assess each examinee; used by apx 3% of clinical neuropsychologists
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB)
A fixed battery collection of qualitative analyses of patient behavior which produce scores for 11 clinical scales, 2 sensorimotor scales, 6 additional localization scales, and 5 summary scales
General Neuropsychological Deficit Score
A score that is determined using 42 different variables from the HRNB that reflect severity of neuropsychological deficit
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
A fixed battery that consists of 10 tests to determine impairment index, and general neuropsychological deficit score
Impairment Index
A score that results from five of the tests in the HRNB which provides a cutoff point to represent the presence of a neurological deficit
dynamometer
A testing instrument that measures grip strength.
executive functions
Mental functions related to planning, evaluation, judgment, and management of other mental abilities
flexible battery
A testing methodology that allows the clinician to choose the subtests he or she believes are best suited to assess each examinee
premorbid
Period before onset of an impairment
constructional apraxia
An inability to reproduce shapes or objects
perseverate
Inability to switch patterns of thought or activities
spatial neglect
A neurological impairment in which a person does not report seeing objects in one spatial field, for example, in the field of the left eye
cognitive flexibility
Ability to switch cognitive sets with relative ease; often tested to ascertain impairment in executive function
Stroop effect
The slower naming of ink colors when the stimulus word is an incongruent color name
Fake Bad Scale
Used to detect patients who exaggerate or simulate emotional distress
malingering
When a patient fakes deficits for secondary gain
Response Bias Scale
Used to differentiate patients based on whether they pass or fail cognitive symptom validity tests
pseudodementia
Cognitive impairment that is similar to a dementia-like Alzheimer’s disease, but results from a psychiatric condition like depression
dyscalculia
Inability to deal with numerical quantities
dyseidetic dyslexia
Difficulty reading words as a whole, so that the person must sound out the word
dysphonetic dyslexia
Difficulty sounding out words, so reading is by whole words and dependent on sight vocabulary
