Tertullian Flashcards
Who was Tertullian, and what is notable about his early life?
Tertullian was a Christian apologist and theologian in the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD, known for being well-educated in law and rhetoric. Born in Carthage to a Roman centurion around 155-160 AD, he converted to Christianity in adulthood.
What is “Apologeticus,” [The Apology] and why is it significant?
“Apologeticus,” written around 197 AD, is Tertullian’s defence of Christianity, arguing that Christians were moral citizens deserving of protection rather than persecution.
What does “De Praescriptione Haereticorum” [On the Prescription of Heretics] address?
“De Praescriptione Haereticorum” (On the Prescription Against Heretics) defends the authority of the church and apostolic tradition in defining orthodox belief.
How did Tertullian contribute to the development of Trinitarian concepts?
Tertullian created the term “Trinity” (Trinitas in Latin) and defended the divinity of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit, significantly influencing the development of Trinitarian doctrine in works like “Against Praxeas.”
What themes do “De Pudicitia” (On Modesty) and “De Patientia” (On Patience) explore?
In “De Pudicitia” (On Modesty) and “De Patientia” (On Patience), Tertullian explored strict ethical standards for Christians, emphasising moral rigour and discipline.
How did Tertullian’s later affiliation with Montanism influence his work?
Later in life, Tertullian joined Montanism, which emphasised the Holy Spirit’s continued work and the imminent Second Coming of Christ, reflecting a shift towards more charismatic expressions of Christianity.
Why was Tertullian a controversial figure in early Christianity?
Tertullian’s affiliation with Montanism and his rigid views on issues like post-baptismal sin and women’s roles in the church made him a controversial figure, despite his significant contributions to Christian theology and apologetics.
What is Tertullian’s legacy [what is he remembered for] in Western Christianity?
Tertullian’s legacy includes influencing Western Christianity and theologians like Augustine of Hippo. He contributed significantly to the development of Latin terminology and theology in Christianity.
How do scholars view Tertullian’s contributions to Christianity?
Views on Tertullian vary, with some scholars praising his legal rigour and intellectual contributions, especially in apologetics and Trinitarian theology, while others critique his uncompromising stances, particularly on gender roles.
How did Tertullian defend Christians against accusations of atheism?
Tertullian countered accusations of atheism, directed at Christians for worshiping an invisible God, by questioning the existence and virtues of the flawed and human-like pagan gods.
How did Tertullian refute [argue against] charges of immorality among Christians?
Tertullian argued that Christians upheld high moral standards, respected marriage, and promoted virtuous living, refuting accusations of sexual licentiousness.
How did Tertullian address accusations of Christians being enemies of the state?
Tertullian emphasised that while Christians prayed for the Empire’s well-being, they owed allegiance to a higher kingdom, thus refuting charges of state treason for not worshiping Roman gods and the Emperor.
How did Tertullian respond to rumours of cannibalism and infanticide linked to Christian rites?
Tertullian clarified the symbolic nature of Christian rites and stressed the sanctity of human life, addressing misconceptions about cannibalism and infanticide.
How did Tertullian highlight the intellectual respectability of Christianity?
Tertullian highlighted the intellectual rigour of Christianity and challenged philosophers and scholars to critically engage with Christian texts and ideas.
What do modern scholars recognise about Tertullian’s work?
Modern scholars recognise Tertullian’s lasting influence, noting that his apologetics provide insights into early Christianity’s convictions and practices, and challenge Roman religious and philosophical traditions.