tertiary Flashcards
tertiary activities
There are activities which act as the link between the primary and secondary activities and are complementary to both of them. These are mostly in the form of services These include buying and selling of goods, means of transportation and communication, loading and unloading of goods, credit facilities, marketing, import and export, etc. Providing public services are also a part of it. Other services like knife grinders, vegetable sellers, shopkeepers,
passenger’s carriers, postal services, etc. are also included in tertiary activities. All these services are called tertiary economic activities.
physical factors that affect tertiary activities
Climate, topography, nearness to the sea or continental location are some of the geographical factors, which may affect tertiary activities.
define transportation
Transportation is a service or facility through which passengers, freight and industrial products are carried from one place to another
canals
Two canals which changed the course of transport, Suez
Canal and Panama Canal, were constructed to avoid long ocean routes. They changed the use of ocean routes radically. Suez canal connected Asia with Europe and Africa. Panama Canal joined Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
define trade
Trade means the voluntary exchange of goods and services, where two or more parties are involved
types of trade
Bilateral or multilateral trades are major types of international trade.
factors that affect trade
Difference in natural resources :
The natural resources available in one country will be different from the ones available in a different region. They may not be the same. Also, it may happen, that in one region they may be in abundance, while in another in much less quantity. Soil, minerals, forests, land, water and human resources are unevenly distributed. A country rich in soil will be good in agriculture. Thus, it may be a good exporter of grains and other crops. On the other
hand, a country which does not practise agriculture on a large scale will have to import grains. Example can be given from
the Gulf countries. These countries are rich in mineral oil. Hence, they export oil but they import grains.
Climate :
Climate affects the plants and animals in a region. It also ensures how different types of products can be grown or produced in a country. For example, countries which are snow covered for a major part of the year, export meat and woollen products.
On the other hand, tropical countries produce and export bananas, rice, cocoa, tea and coffee. For example, Sri Lanka is a
major tea exporter country. Cheap labour, favourable climate, undulating land, soil which can drain water, etc. are geographical
factors, which make tea plantations on a large scale possible here. The production of tea is more than what their population
requires. The United Kingdom does not have tea plantations. But the demand for tea is high in this country. So countries like India,
Sri Lanka export tea to UK.
Population factors :
The size, distributionand diversity of people is found in various countries. This leads to different products and hence trade occur. Also, size of trade is affected. Densely populated countries have to worry about feeding their own populations. Standard of living can also determine the demand for various goods and
services. The country with less population will depend more on trade because less human resource is engaged in production of
goods. The population of the Asian continent along with India is known for their expertise in Information Technology. The education system in these countries, mathematical
knowledge, skills of using technology has made this possible. Though it appears that geographical factors have no direct influence, it is important to note that, this labour force belongs to the same geographical region.
Culture :
Some parts of the world are known for their products and specific art and craft. They are valued all over the world. For example, there is great demand for Chinese porcelain, Iranian carpets and Batik print of Indonesia and Kashmiri shawl, silk from various parts of India around the world. This promotes the trade.
Economic cost : Cost is a major factor inproduction. If it is cheaper to import than to produce certain goods in a country, then
trade will occur. For example, a country may not have the climatic and physical conditions to grow tea, hence they will find it easier to import it from tea producing countries.
Specialisation :
Some countries havespecialised goods and services. e.g. Israel has specialised itself in dry farming or agricultural engineering. In such a case, it exports its services to countries who wish to carry out agriculture in desert-like conditions.
factors in tourism
the site and situation of a place, climate, relief, altitude, biodiversity, accessibility, availability of water are important physical factors, while transportation facilities, lodging and boarding facilities, cultural diversity, government policies and political conditions in a country are important human factors affecting the development of tourism
quaternary activities
Quaternary activities refer to those activities where task is to think, research and develop ideas. Thus, this sector involves activities
related to education, information, research and development. For example, financial planners, tax consultants, software developers, statisticians, persons working in offices, hospitals, theatres, schools teachers and university professors, accountants etc. belong to this category of services
quinary
Quinary economic activities involve work related to administrative character. Senior business executives, government officials, scientists, judges, etc. belong to quinary activities. The main difference between the two types is that the people involved in quinary activities are involved in highest level decision-making or policy-making.
