Terry Ch. 5

Question 1

spontaneous recovery

Answer 1

during extinction, you un-learn what you learned originally, and there’s also inhibition that suppresses the level of responding

Question 2

extinction burst

Answer 2

behavior goes up suddenly while you extinguish (?), accompanied by frustration

Question 3

schedule of reinforcement

Answer 3

don’t get reinforced every time, but instead every third one or every 30 seconds, etc

Question 4

resistance to extinction

Answer 4

achieved using schedule of reinforcement- teaches you to persist in behavior for longer without reinforcement, so you’re resistant to extinction

Question 5

continuous reinforcement

Answer 5

reinforcing every time; learning is faster and you get to a higher level of performance

Question 6

behavioral trap

Answer 6

being trained using one reinforcement and then going into the real world and finding other reinforcers

Question 7

characteristics of effective punishment

Answer 7

immediate, contingent, severe to the subject, consistent (can be more effective than extinction)

Question 8

paradoxical rewarding effects of punishment

Answer 8

learning that something negative (ex: shock) leads to good things

Question 9

Masserman

Answer 9

trained cats in a Skinner box to press a lever and get a blast of air to the face by starting with a food reward for the lever, then giving a little blast to the face with the food. air got stronger over trials and amount of reward was reduced. you need to know the history of a trained behavior

Question 10

learned helplessness

Answer 10

being rewarded for something like crying and learning to do that often

Question 11

punishment vs non-reward

Answer 11

try extinction first, only punish if extinction doesn’t work

Question 12

self injurious behavior inhibiting system

Answer 12

punish someone for self-injury

Question 13

escape

Answer 13

you’re always encountering the aversive stimulus and now you’re doing something to get away from it

Question 14

avoidance

Answer 14

you’ve learned some kind of cue is a predictor of an aversive condition so you get away from that stimulus (ex: in class you don’t like being called on, classroom is discriminative stimulus, so you avoid coming to class) very persistent

Question 15

Watson-Mowrer theory

Answer 15

in avoidance behavior, you aren’t avoiding negative consequences, you’re avoiding contact with stimulus (classical conditioning interpretation) that escape is mentally rewarded

Question 16

Bolles theory

Answer 16

when you avoid something you’re satisfying your expectation- you’re relieved that you avoided the consequences

Question 17

functional approach to avoidance

Answer 17

you become sensitized to the discriminative stimulus; it evokes functional behaviors to run away. it’s not learning

Question 18

SKIP BOX ON REPRESSION AND AVOIDANCE

Answer 18

SKIP BOX ON REPRESSION AND AVOIDANCE

Question 19

fail/succeed mindset study

Answer 19

trained kids to believe that they failed because of behaviors rather than personality traits, then they did better

Question 20

Bishara Demasia study

Answer 20

there are conscious and unconscious perceptions of whether you’re learning (you may not be aware you’re learning). paired blue color with aversive sound……

Question 21

SKIP OCD SECTION

Answer 21

SKIP OCD SECTION

Question 22

Instrumental conditioning

Answer 22

Contingency arranged between a particular behavior and an outcome

Question 22

know PET stuff

Answer 22

know PET stuff

Question 23

Nonreward contingency

Answer 23

Behavior is not followed by positive reinforcer

Question 24

Extinction

Answer 24

Reward is omitted after behaviors that once produced positive reinforcement

Question 25

Omission

Answer 25

Selected behavior prevents a positive reinforcer from occurring (implies that doing something else will lead to positive reinforcement)

Question 26

Time out

Answer 26

Deprived of the opportunity to earn reinforcement

Question 27

Punishment

Answer 27

Behavior is followed by an aversive stimulus; decrease frequency of this behavior in the future

Question 28

Avoidance learning

Answer 28

An instrumental behavior prevents the aversive stimulus (increase the frequency of the behavior)

Question 29

Negative reinforcement

Answer 29

A behavior increases in frequency because it removes an aversive reinforcer

Question 30

Partial reinforcement extinction effect

Answer 30

The time it takes to extinguish a behavior varies based on the partial reinforcement schedule for the behavior

Question 31

Discrimination hypothesis

Answer 31

For a 100% rewarded behavior, as soon as it's not rewarded you know something is wrong; when it's only rewarded part of the time, it takes a few trials to know something has changed

Question 32

Frustration hypothesis

Answer 32

If they're only reinforced half the time, they're used to experiencing frustration before reward so they're more likely to keep going when frustrated

Question 33

Sequential hypothesis

Answer 33

Associates the outcome of the last trial with this trial (no reward is followed by reward; memory becomes associated quickly and persists longer)