Terrors Flashcards
when did the terror happen?
1792-94
what was the law of maximum (4th may 1793)
Jacobins passed a law which set a limit on the price of all essential goods
name 3 parts from the military terror
all passed by national convention
-the representatives mission. 1792
- law of suspects 1793
-the revolutionary tribunal 1793
what was the “representatives on a mission” 1792
- deputies were sent out by national convention to inform administration why the emergency procedures were necessary, but were actually spying on them, making sure they were doing their utmost to support the revolution.
law of suspects 1793
people could be arrested and tried based on hostile behaviors towards the revolution. trails were held at the revolutionary tribunal.
law of the maximum 1793
national convention set a fixed price on basic food items and salaries
how did dechristianization occur?
1794-94
1.originated from a representative on mission, Joseph Fouche, who stated
that Christianity could never co-exist with the revolution.
2. 1793 he designed a ceremony - the Feat of Brutus - to urge action against all
priests and to create his own secular religion.
3.idea appealed to most sans-culottes and spread quickly to other regional towns and then to Paris.
4.Typically they would attack a church, force the priest to leave, then break into the treasury, confiscate
religious items made of silver or gold and present them to the National Convention
4.peak when the Paris crowd evicted the Bishop of Paris and held a “festival of
liberty and reason” in Notre Dame Cathedral on November 1793
how did the government respond to dechristianization?
- thought it might be counter revolutionary
- national convention passed a law that made it illegal to attack priests or raid churches.
- didn’t do a lot to calm situation down
committee of public safety
1.1793 that comprised of 25 members to command and coordinate the war effort.
They were given emergency powers on April 6th 1793 and numbers were reduced to nine
2.During this time a Committee of General Security was created and responsible for locating, arresting and imprisoning traitors.
By September 1793, the crisis in France forced the National Convention to formally accept the Committee of Public safety’s government by terror and enact the Law of Suspects on September 17th.
3.The Law of Suspects defined the sorts of suspicious behaviour that could make a person a suspect so that it could be almost
anyone. It also shifted the burden of proof onto the suspect and they have to prove their innocence
THE FACTIONAL TERROR
The factional terror refers to how the Jacobins eliminated rival groups and criticism through using violence.
stage 1 of the factional terror- attack on the Girondins
1.The Girondins were arrested from May to June 1793.
The reasoning the Jacobins gave to the people was to expel unpatriotic Girondin deputies.
2.resulted in the secured support of the National Guard and formed another militia of 20,000 workers.
The militia conducted an uprising and surrounded the National Assembly building and was armed. They demanded the
Girondin deputies surrender to house arrest.
3.Girondins were sent to trial in October 1793 and they were executed in October 1793
4. early 1794, the Jacobins continued with their factional terror.
Robespierre argued that in a state of national emergency, any opposition to the government that was trying to conduct
resistance was considered treason.
Any resistance, from the left or right wing, distracted and weakened the government hence helping the counter revolution
stage 2 of the factional terror- attack on the Hebertistes
1.1794, Robespierre attacked the followers of the radical leader Jacques
Hebert, the editor of the French newspaper Father Duchesne.
They publicly called for a public uprising of the working people against the government.
They were tried quickly and executed within two weeks.
third stage of the factional terror- the elimination of Danton and the Indulgents
Extreme left is now silenced and Robespierre turned on the moderate faction that formed
around Danton and Desmoulins and that had demanded the end of the Terror.
The indulgents were executed on April 5th 1794.
The indulgents: informal groups among the Jacobins and the Cordeliers.
The Jacobins gradually influenced the independent deputies and gained control of the
National Convention until there was a Jacobin dictatorship
last stage of the terror- the great terror
1.By late 1793 and early 1794, the war emergency was mostly resolved yet the terror had been introduced during this and
continued and doubled in intensity.
2.People were appalled by the large number of executions and the petty nature of the crimes punished.
Over time the guillotine was moved from the Square of the Revolution to suburban Paris and then to the city’s fringes.
3.Key people of the revolution that were victims were Jean-Sylvain Bailly (first president of the National Assembly and Rouget
de Lisle (author).
Marie Antoinette was also tried and executed.
4.The unstoppable rush of executions dismayed the remaining deputies pf the National Convention, and they realised that
they could be next
what was the law of 22 prarial
Law of 22 Prairial was enacted on 10 June 1794 which exceeded the Law of Suspects in giving the committees power to
arrest and execute people and it eliminated the deputies’ parliamentary immunity
