Terrorism Flashcards
o Preventing and fighting crime through enhanced international police cooperation (Mission)
Interpol
Interpol functions
Law enforcement support
o Criminal investigative support, secure communications, criminal history, fugitives, missing people
- Written to allow law enforcement agencies to have virtually unlimited access to telephone, email, financial records of US Citizens without court order
- Wiretaps, business records, surveillance
- Vague definitions
- Constitutional rights
USA Patriot Act
o Mission-collect and convey the essential info the President and members of policymaking, law enforcement, and military communities require to execute their appointed duties
o Dynamic intelligence collection
Intelligence community
When was the intelligence community established and why?
2004 to oversee all major intelligence missions
Mission-o An independent US government agency responsible for providing national security and intelligence to senior US policy makers
CIA
Functions of CIA
o Collect info that reveals the plans , intentions, and capabilities of our adversaries
o Produce timely analysis providing insight, warning, and opportunity
o Conduct covert action to preempt threats or achieve policy objectives
What established the CIA?
National security act of 1947
Missions CIA
- Intelligence and analysis
- Clandestine services
- Science and technology
- Support
o Mission
• Gain a decision advantage for the Nation and our allies under all circumstances by encompassing sing intelligence, information assurance, and enabling computer network operations
NSA
NSA functions
• Cyber security, strategic/tactical advantages/weaponry, thwart terrorism
What is SIGNT
• Generating intelligence from data/information derived from foreign signals
What is IA? Information Assurance
• Working and collaboratively with other clients, partners around the world and across the Federal Government to stay ahead of cyber capabilities of those who would do us harm.
Extremism
o Radical expression of ideological values
o Intolerance of opposing interests
o Moral absolutes
o Broad conclusions
• Examples: Islamic extremists, neo-nazi’s, KKK, ISIS
Goals of extremists
o Change existing order
o Psychological disruption
o Social disruption
o Revolutionary environment
Justifications of Extremists
o Deprivation (feeling isolated/frustrated) o Structural (loss of quality of life) o Criminological (explains crime)
State sponsored terrorism Construct 1
- Sponsors actively promote terrorism
- Enablers do not cooperate with counterterrorism efforts
- Cooperators disagree on political issues
Construct 2
- Warfare military used against local combatant
- Genocide elimination of scapegoat group
- Assassinations selective homicide to topple threat
Patronage (foreign)
o Supporting terrorism outside borders
Patronage (domestic)
o Engaging in violence within borders
Assistance (foreign)
o Cost/benefit support vs. political ratifications
Assistance (domestic)
o Supporting a proxy group within borders as a means to end
Unofficial
• Perception that the state is threatened by some group and needs to act
Official
• Maintenance of the state authority as policy making authority law
Dissident Terrorism
• Non-state movements against governments/perceived enemies • Necessary evil • Means to end • Large scale wars to assassinations • Revolutionary o Wants to build a “new”
Nihilist
o Social order but now vision for future society
Nationalist
o Rise up against government
Dissident practices
Asymmetrical warfare and anti state
Asymmetrical warfare
o Unconventional, unexpected, and unpredictable
Antistate
o Defeat the government using its own against itself
Communal
o Extreme violence on a massive scale
Targets of dissident terrorism
o Embassies, people, transportation, buildings
Religious terrorism
driven by faith
o Bible references
o Guarantee a place in heaven
o Asymmetrical tactics, cells, lone wolves, substantial symbolism
Defense motives of religious terrorism
- Ensure predominance of faith
- Higher power
- Ensures a place in heaven
Religious
- Unconstrained/ indiscriminate violence
- Appealing to followers
- Feel alienated from society, culture, religion
- Want their own
Secular
- Constrained/discriminate use of violence
- Appealing to potential supporters
- Restructure society
- Want something more or better
Homegrown/domestic Terrorism
Homegrown terrorism or domestic terrorism is commonly associated with violent acts committed by citizens or permanent residents of a state against their own people or property within that state in effort to instill fear on a population or government
Left wing terrorism
• Going up against establishment
Left-wing terrorism (sometimes called Marxist–Leninist terrorism or revolutionary/left-wing terrorism) is terrorism meant to overthrow capitalist systems and replace them with socialist societies
Right wing terrorism
Right-wing terrorism is terrorism motivated by a variety of far right ideologies and beliefs, including anti-communism, neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, racism, xenophobia and opposition to immigration. This type of terrorism has been sporadic, with little or no international cooperation
Counterterrorism policy classifications
Use of Force- military and covert: punish and destroy
Operation Other than War- repressive and conciliatory options
Legalistic- international collaboration: prosecute and incarcerate
Coast guard before DHS
protected waterways (dept. of trans.)
Coast guard after DHS
protects borders and transportation DHS
Customs before DHS
inspected goods entering US DOT
Customs after DHS
border and transportation security DHS
Secret service and Marshals before DHS
Domestic security protocols, domestic law enforcement DOT
Secret service and Marshals after DHS
presidential and federal officials securty
FBI before DHS and after
SAME crime investigations and domestic law enforcement
INS before DHS
managed entry of foreign persons
INS after DHS
Same duties but now ICE and CBP
Intelligence agencies before DHS
Same, analysis of domestic and foreign intel
Threats to the homeland
• Sympathizers to international movements • Infiltration • Narcoterrorism o Drug war and terrorism • Homegrown terrorists/lone wolves
Laws/things we do to protect ourselves
USA patriot act and Anti-terrorism and effective death penalty act
USA patriot ACt
o Increases ability to combat terrorism at a local level
• Anti-terrorism and effective death penalty act
o Ensures death penalty for terrorist activity
o Better tracking of explosives
o Increases funding for counterterrorist efforts
