Terrestrial Systems Review

Question 1

Name 3 essential nutrients for plants

Answer 1

1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorus
3. Potassium

Question 2

Where can all the essential nutrients for plants be found?

Answer 2

In the soil

Question 3

Symbiotic

Answer 3

Beneficial to both things

Question 4

What are legumes? What is their role in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 4

Peas, beans, etc.. grow in a symbiotic relationship with soil dwelling bacteria. The bacteria uses the sugars from the plants to produce energy. In return, the bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form that the plants can use. Without them, plants would not be able to use nitrogen (essential element)

Question 5

Particle size of clay, silt, and sand

Answer 5

Clay = smallest
Silt = medium
Sand = largest

Question 6

Water drainage of clay, silt, and sand

Answer 6

Clay = least
Silt = fair
Sand = most

Question 7

Name 3 different soil formation processes

Answer 7

1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Decompositon

Question 8

Weathering

Answer 8

Process that breaks down rocks & minerals

Question 9

Erosion

Answer 9

Displacement of soil, etc, in addition to a loss of nutrients and organic matter

Question 10

Decomposition

Answer 10

Breakdown of complex organic material into more basic nutrients taken up by plants to be used

Question 11

Name three things that CAUSE soil erosion

Answer 11

1. Tillage erosion
2. Over irrigation
3. Ranching practices (eat grass too fast = vulnerable topsoil)

Question 12

What are two consequences of soil erosion?

Answer 12

1. Loss of fertile topsoil
2. Increase in pollution & sediment in streams

Question 13

Name four different ways Farmers conserve soil (prevent soil erosion)

Answer 13

1. Crop rotation
2. Conservation till (no-till)
3. Shelter belts
4. Cover crops

Question 14

Why do natural vegetation Thrive in depleted soils but cultivated crops cannot?

Answer 14

Survival > because of their long, complicated, and interconnected ROOT SYSTEMS. They have ADAPTED to Canadian climate throughout the years to be able to grow in the ever-changing, harsh-conditioned, nutrient lacking soils.

Question 15

Name the four adaptations that native Prairie plants have

Answer 15

G: GROWING POINT is underground, where it can survive fire / grazing and regrow
G: Prairie GRASSES have narrow leaves that lose less water to evaporation than broad, flat leaves
R: Prairie ROOTS are very long (up to 3.5m) and form networks to absorb moisture during dry periods
F: Brightly colored FLOWERS that attract pollinators such as bees, wasps, and birds

Question 16

Water > (root structure?)

Answer 16

Root hairs

Question 17

Water > root hairs
through…

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

Soil composition: (?) % Water and Air

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

Vascular structure…

Answer 19

Xylem

Question 20

Xylem carries…

Answer 20

Water

Question 21

H2O sticks to the cell walls to be “pulled” up…

Answer 21

Adhesion

Question 22

H2O sticks together to be “pulled” up…

Answer 22

Cohesion

Question 23

(?) Created by transpiration “pulls” H2O up

Answer 23

Tension

Question 24

(?) Of water from the stomata of the leaf

Answer 24

Transpiration (evaporation)

Question 25

Transpiration of water from the (?) of the leaf

Answer 25

Stomata