Terpenes Flashcards
Terpenes are associated with plant aromas. What other name is given to Terpenes?
Isoprenes with a isopentane skeleton
What reaction results in terpenes/Isoperens?
From reaction of two C5 e. g dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isooentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)
What are the 5 classes of terpenes? MSDTT
- Monoterpenes (C10)
- Sesquiterpenes (C15)
- Diterpenes (C20)
- Triterpenes and steroids (C30)
- Tetraterpenes (carotenoids C40)
Which terpene is a major component of volatile oils in plants?
Monoterpenes
How are monoterpenes formed?
Reaction between DMAPP and IPP, catalyzed by prenyltranferase.
Write the reaction of monoterpene formation.
- DMAPP reacts with IPP, catalyzed by prenyltranferase
- Reaction results in GERANYL PYROPHOSPHATE(C10)
e.g thymol, beta citronellol
List uses of highly fragrant monoterpenes such as beta citronellol
Food
Cosmetics
Flavoring
Perfumes
The starting point for monoterpenes is Geranyl pyrophosphate. What is the starting point for Sesquiterpenes?
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Made from reaction between GPP and IPP
Which is the most important Sesquiterpene in pharmacy and why?
Artemisinin (Asteraceae)
Antimalarial
How are Diterpenes formed?
reaction of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)
Give an example of a sesquiterpene
Paclitaxel used to treat ovarian cancer
Where do we find Triterpenes?
-Steroids e. g testosterone
-Steroids e. g b-sitosterol
-Resins and resinous exudates from plants e. g frankincense and Myrrh
LOOK LIKE LONG CATERPILLARS
What reaction leads to Tetraterpenes (C40)?
From reaction of 2 geranyl pyrophosphate(C20) molecules
Describe the characteristics of Tetraterpenes
°Highly pigmented
°Responsible for bright colors of plants
e. g orange in a carrot= beta carotene
Red of tomato aka lycopersicon esculentum
