Terms1

Question 1

Reinforcement

Answer 1

A basic behavioral principle that states that when a behavior (R) is followed by

Question 2

Positive reinforcement

Answer 2

A type of reinforcement that occurs when a response is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus and, as a result, similar responses occur more frequently in the future.

Question 3

Positive reinforcer

Answer 3

the stimulus presented as a consequence and is responsible for the increase in responding when positive reinforcement occurs

Question 4

Unconditioned reinforcer

Answer 4

A stimulus change that functions as reinforcement even though the learner has no learning history with it. Examples: food, water, oxygen, warmth, sexual stimulation

Question 5

Conditioned reinforcer

Answer 5

A previously neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a reinforce through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned reinforcers or conditioned reinforcers

Question 6

Rule

Answer 6

A verbal description of a behavioral contingency

Question 7

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 7

A conditioned reinforcer that functions

Question 8

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 8

Sd. An antecedent stimulus correlated with the availability of reinforcement for a particular response class

Question 9

Automatic reinforcement

Answer 9

A behavior-reinforcement relation that occurs without the presentation of consequences by other people

Question 10

Premack Principle

Answer 10

A concept that says that making the opportunity to engage in a high rate behavior contingent upon the occurrence of a low rate behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior

Question 11

Stimulus preference assessment

Answer 11

A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers and the relative preference value of those stimuli to increase the odds of selecting stimuli that function as reinforcers

Question 12

Negative reinforcement

Answer 12

A type of reinforcement that occurs when the termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus contingent on the occurrence of a response leads to an increase in the future occurrence of that response

Question 13

Contingency

Answer 13

A dependent or temporal relation between operant behavior and its controlling variables. If this…then that

Question 14

Escape contingency

Answer 14

A contingency in which responding terminates a stimulus

Question 15

Avoidance contingency

Answer 15

A contingency in which responding delays or prevents the presentation of a stimulus

Question 16

Schedule of reinforcement

Answer 16

A rule that describes the contingency of reinforcement, or which behaviors will be reinforced and which will not

Question 17

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 17

A schedule that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior - CRF

Question 18

Extinction

Answer 18

A schedule that withholds reinforcement for an occurrence of a target behavior - EXT

Question 19

Intermittent reinforcement

Answer 19

A schedule in which some, but not all occurrences of a behavior are reinforced

Question 20

Boundaries for all schedules of reinforcement

Answer 20

CRF and EXT

Question 21

Maintenance of Behavior

Answer 21

A lasting behavior change

Question 22

Two types of intermittent schedules

Answer 22

Ratio and intermittent

Question 23

Ratio schedule

Answer 23

Requires a number of responses before a response produces reinforcement

Question 24

Interval schedule

Answer 24

Requires an elapse of time before a response produced reinforcement

Question 25

Fixed ratio (FR)

Answer 25

A schedule that requires a specific number of responses to be completed before a response produced a reinforce (i.e., FR1, FR3)

Question 26

Effects of fixed ratio schedule

Answer 26

Little hesitation between responses; post-reinforcement pause; high rates of responding

Question 27

Variable ratio (VR)

Answer 27

A schedule that requires a varying number of responses to produce a reinforcer

Question 28

Effects of VR schedule

Answer 28

Consistent, steady rates of responding, high rates of response; no post-reinforcement pause

Question 29

Fixed interval (FI)

Answer 29

Provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed amount of time (FI 3)

Question 30

Effects of fixed interval

Answer 30

Post-reinforcement pause in the early part of interval; slow but accelerating rates of responding; moderate rates of responding

Question 31

Variable interval schedule (VI)

Answer 31

Provides reinforcement for the first occurrence of a response after a variable duration of time

Question 32

Schedule thinning

Answer 32

The process of moving from CRF to Intermittent reinforcement

Question 33

Concurrent schedule

Answer 33

2 or more contingencies operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors

Question 34

Punishment

Answer 34

A behavioral principle that occurs when a response is followed immediately by a stimulus and the future frequency of a similar response decreases

Question 35

2-types of punishment

Answer 35

Positive and negative