Terms1-15 Flashcards
Deferred imitation
refers to a child’s ability to imitate the actions they have observed others perform.
Piaget believed deferred imitation to result from the child’s increasing ability to form mental representations of behaviour performed by others.
Other definition:
Deferred imitation is a term in Piaget’s theory that refers to the ability to imitate behavior that was observed at an earlier time.
Egocentrism
ADOLESCENT EGOCENTRISM: “Adolescent egocentrism exhibits itself precariously throughout the teenage years when youths expect the world to practically revolve around them and feel every bad experience is the end of their world as they know it
Conservation
a conscious perception that tangible amounts do not vary whenever their appearances are modified. Preservation is a substantial factor in Piaget’s cognitive development theory
CONSERVATION: “The conservation of the liquids from one container to the next was puzzling to the small children when they were told no fluid was added or removed at any point.”
Reversal
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Seriation
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the third stage is called the Concrete Operational Stage. During this stage, which occurs from age 7-12, the child shows increased use of logic or reasoning.
One of the important processes that develops is that of Seriation, which refers to the ability to sort objects or situations according to any characteristic, such as size, color, shape, or type.
For example, the child would be able to look at his plate of mixed vegetables and eat everything except the brussels sprouts.
Centering and decentering
Decentering (also known as Decentration) refers to the ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation.
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the third stage is called Concrete Operational stage, where a child age 7-12 shows increased use of logic. One of the logical processes that develops is that of Decentering.
For example, when asked to choose between two lollipops, a child might choose based on how one flavor is better than the other even though the other is the same size and color.
Read more: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Decentering%20(Decentration)#ixzz3pLLo9gAQ
Classification
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Self-referencing
The Self-Reference Effect is a phenomenon of memory that causes an individual to encode information differently depending on the degree of personal involvement in the sequence of events being encoded.
Research has shown that the greater the person’s involvement, the greater the level and accuracy of recall.
For instance, if an individual is involved in a car accident, the memory will be much more intense than if the accident had only been witnessed.
Emotion-coaching
Monitor child’s emotion, teach through hard emotion, help label emotions, help label emotions, coach how to cope
Emotion dismissing
Ignore, denying, or changing emotions too soon
Moral realism
Look at the consequences rather than the intent
Ages 4-7
Also known as heteronomous morality
Moral independence
Moral independence/relativism/autonomous morality
Kids look at who disobeyed, not the consequence
Ages 10 and older
Age 8&9 are transition years
Preconventional morality
Part of Lawrence Kohlberg’s 3 levels of morality
Focus only on what they would get out of the situation
Stage 1 (reinforcement, what is good for me?) Stage 2 (what is good for me and my friend/family?)
-Good/bad that would come out of the situation
Conventional morality
Part of Lawrence Kohlberg’s 3 levels of morality
Focus on what other people believe you should do
Stage 3 (good-boy, nice-girl morality, want people to think you’re good, I will be nice to you if you sè nice to me.)
Stage 4 (what does the law, my church, etc. say you should do. Listen to what codes say, not friends)
Symbolic play
type of children games where the child’s neural system plays pretend games: child pretends that he/she is someone else, and that game includes activities that this other persons engages into
SYMBOLIC PLAY: “Example of symbolic play is game of Indians and Cowboys
