terms to memorize

Question 1

Invented Spelling

Answer 1

Child’s attempt to spell based on best judgement

Question 2

transitional spelling

Answer 2

use some conventional spelling but still misspell many irregular words.
EX: EGUL for eagle

Question 3

Conventional Spelling

Answer 3

They know and use most basic spelling rules and spell most words correctly.
EX: higheked for hiked

Question 4

Phonetic Spelling

Answer 4

Students spell the way they hear the word pronounced
Ex:Spell “made” m-a-d

Question 5

Emergent Reader (Stage of Reading Development)

Answer 5

when children understand that written language has meaning and gives messages

Question 6

Phonology

Answer 6

organization of sounds in languages

Question 7

Pragmatics

Answer 7

study of language in use

Question 8

Orthography

Answer 8

Spelling patterns of language
EX: The correct spelling of the home you live in in HOUSE, not HOWSE.

Question 9

Semiphonetic Spelling

Answer 9

Students have some letter awareness, but are unable to use all letters in the word.
Ex: Spell “play” p-a

Question 10

Semantics

Answer 10

The study of word or symbol meaning.

EX:”love” which has many different meanings in English

Literal vs figurative meaning of “Raining cats and dogs”

Question 11

Pre-Alphabetic Stage

Answer 11

a stage of word recognition in which students have no working knowledge of the alphabetic system. They just memorize based on habit.

Ex: a child says “Wal-Mart” when passing the store’s sign

Question 12

Phoneme

Answer 12

the smallest individual sounds in a word

Ex: The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.

Question 13

Morphology

Answer 13

The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.

Question 14

Phonetics

Answer 14

the sounds of human speech

Question 15

Partial Alphabetic Stage

Answer 15

a stage of word recognition in which students combine their limited alphabetic knowledge with context clues

Ex: while reading, child sees pictures of a truck, and sees the word start with a tr and says truck.

Question 16

Early Fluent / Fluent / Proficient Reader

Answer 16

readers recognize many words and can apply phonics and word analysis skills to figure out unfamiliar words

Question 17

Full Alphabetic Stage

Answer 17

a stage of word recognition where students use their full working knowledge of letter-sound correspondence to decode unfamiliar words letter-by-letter

Ex: a child comes across the word “desk” while reading and sounds it out “d-e-s-k”

Question 18

Syntax

Answer 18

Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.

Question 19

Morpheme

Answer 19

A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts. This includes prefixes and suffixes.

Ex:write, cat, laugh, box

Question 20

Automatic Stage

Answer 20

Students in the automatic stage of word recognition are able to read fluently and with greater comprehension

Question 21

Precommunicative Spelling

Answer 21

Students use SCRIBBLE SHAPES and sometimes letter-like shapes for spelling words but are unable to make the forms

Question 22

Early Reader (Stage of Reading Development)

Answer 22

Early readers begin understanding that reading from the printed page needs to make sense – both from the pictures and from the print

Question 23

Phonological Awareness

Answer 23

the understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print

Question 24

Consolidated Alphabetic Stage

Answer 24

a stage of word recognition in which students read by using memorized letter chunks, affixes, and syllables to read words

EX:”reminder” but would decode it by breaking it into recognizable chunks, “re-mind-er.”

Question 25

Prosody

Answer 25

the reader’s ability to read with expression and tone.

Question 26

Intrinsically Motivated

Answer 26

students draw their motivation from the learning process itself

Question 27

Extrinsic / External Motivation

Answer 27

the motive for the activity comes from outside the individual

Question 28

Reliability

Answer 28

Reliable exams produce the same scores when given in the same conditions

Question 29

Validity

Answer 29

The ability of a test or question to measure what it purports to measure