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Mechanics - physics year 1 > Terms to memorise > Flashcards

Terms to memorise Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a vector

A

A physical quantity which has a direction as well as a mganitude.

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2
Q

What is a scalar

A

A physical quantity which has no direction

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3
Q

Give 3 vectors

A

acceleration, velocity, force

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4
Q

What is a moment?

A

The force * the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the point

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5
Q

What is principle of moments?

A

For a body in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments.

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6
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

The point at which the mass is concentrated in an object. Single force acting at centre of mass has no turning effect, as it’s where gravity acts.

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7
Q

What is a couple?

A

A pair of equal and opposite parallel forces acting on the same body but not along the same line.

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8
Q

What conditions must be attained for body to be in equilibrium?

A

Resultant force must be zero and principle of moments must apply.

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9
Q

When does toppling occur?

A

When the centre of mass of an object lies outside of its base.

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10
Q

What is velocity?

A

Speed in a given direction.

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11
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object either stays at rest or moves with constant velocity unless acted on by a resultant force

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12
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

F = MA.

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13
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

For every force there is an equal and opposite force.

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14
Q

What is the key idea of free fall?

A

Only gravity is acting on the object. Constant acceleration = g.

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15
Q

What is gradient of displacement time graph?

A

Velocity

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16
Q

What is area under velocity time graph and what is the gradient?

A

Area = displacement and gradient = acceleration.

17
Q

What is area under acceleration time graph?

A

Change in velocity

18
Q

What is a projectile?

A

Any object acted upon only by gravity?

19
Q

What is difference between friction and drag?

A

Friction is a force that opposes motion when moving on a solid. Drag opposes motion in a liqud. It increases with speed.

20
Q

How does air resistance act against a projectile?

A

Air resistance increases with speed. It has a horizontal component which reduces horizontal resultant force and therefore reduces horizontal speed and its range. Also has a vertical component which reduces maximum height and makes descent steeper than its ascent.

21
Q

What is the key idea of pulleys?

A

Tension and acceleration is the same on either side of the pulley, as string is inextensible. Use simultaneous equations for these problems.

22
Q

What is unit of momentum?

A

kgms^-1

23
Q

What is the momentum principle?

A

In a closed system with no external forces acting, total momentum before = total momentum afterwards.

24
Q

What is an elastic collision?

A

One in which no kinetic energy is lost?

25
Q

What is an inelastic collision?

A

One in which kinetic energy is lost to the surroundings for example to deform an object or loss as thermal energy. Occurs when two objects couple together.

26
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules.

27
Q

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can never be created or destroyed, only transferred.

28
Q

When is work done on an object.

A

When a force acting on the object makes it move.

29
Q

When is no work done?

A

When the force acts at right angles to the direction of motion.

30
Q

What is power defined as?

A

The rate of transfer or energy or the rate of doing work.

31
Q

What is formula for power?

A

E/T, W/T or P = FV

32
Q

What is the efficiency of a machine?

A

Useful energy transferred by machine/ Energy supplied to the machine or power out / power in.

Mechanics - physics year 1 (1 decks)

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