Terms to know Flashcards
Stuporous
confused, sluggish, and foggy
Something that’s stuporous is slowed and muddled. When you first wake up in the morning, you may stumble around in a stuporous state. When a person is stuporous, she is confused, sluggish, and foggy.
Somnolent
- sleepy*
- drowsy*
emaciated
- very thin and feeble*
- especially from lack of nutrition or illness*
Dupuytren’s contracture
Dupuytren’s contracture
is a hand deformity that usually develops over years.
The condition affects a layer of tissue that lies under the skin of palm.
Knots of tissue form under the skin — eventually creating a thick cord that can pull one or more fingers into a bent position.
Heberden’s nodes
Heberden’s nodes
hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes).
A sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint.
Bouchard’s nodes
Bouchard’s nodes
hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes).
-Observed in osteoarthritis
- they are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage.
- Much less commonly*, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium.
Fasciculation
A fasciculation, or muscle twitch
- spontaneous, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation, involving fine muscle fibers.
- common, with as much as 70% of people experiencing them.
- can be benign, or associated with more serious conditions.
ganglion cyst
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled bump associated with a joint or tendon sheath.
- most frequently occur around the dorsum of the wrist and on the fingers.
- common site of the occurrence is along the extensor carpi radialis brevis, as it passes over the dorsum of the wrist joint.
- ganglion cysts also may occur in the foot.
- commonly observed in association with the joints and tendons of the appendicular skeleton, with 88% ‘in communication with the multiple small joints of the hand and wrist’ and 11% with those of the foot and ankle.
They commonly are found near the wrist joint, especially at the scapho-lunate area.
Turgor pressure
Turgor pressure
- the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.
also called hydrostatic pressure
- defined as the pressure measured by a fluid, measured at a certain point within itself when at equilibrium. Generally, turgor pressure is caused by the osmotic flow of water and occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Provide examles of
Subcutaneous lesions:
- Rheumatoid nodule*
- Ganglion cyst*
- Lipoma*
How can all skin lesions be described?
5 ex:
macule
papule
vesicle
pustule
nodule
Macule
Macule —
a small patch of skin that is altered in colour, but is not elevated.
Patch — a large area of colour change, with a smooth surface.
Papule
Papule —
elevated, solid, palpable lesion that is ≤ 1 cm in diameter. They may be solitary or multiple.
Name
inquinal lymphatics
Name
Axillary lymphatic and structure they drain
Name Head and Neck
Lymph nodes and regions of drain
- Muscle strength resistance*
- Check elbow flexion*
- name muscle and nerve*
- biceps muscle C5*
- C6 – musculocutaneous nerve*
- Muscle strength resistance*
- Check elbow extension*
name muscle and nerve
- triceps muscle C7*
- C8 – radial nerve*
- Muscle strength resistance*
- Check Wrist Extension*
- name nerv*e and spinal location
C7 and C8 - radial nerve
- Check wrist flexion*
- name spine location and nerve*
C6, C7, and C8 -
median and ulnar nerve
- Check* hand grip
- name spine location and nerve*
Check hand grip
finger flexion – C7, C8, T1 – median and ulnar nerves
- -Patient is asked to squeeze the extended index and middle fingers of examiner.*
- -Examiner normally has difficulty removing his/her fingers from patient’s grip.*
Check** **finger abduction
name muscle and nerve
Check finger abduction
lumbrical muscles** and **ulnar nerve
Always grade muscle strength on a scale of
0 to 5. 0
*0—No muscular contraction detected*
define 0-5:
What to look for when inspecting the
eyelids, conjunctivae and sclerae
- -translucency* and vascular pattern of both the scleral and palpebral conjunctivae
- color of the sclerae (pigmented or icteric).
Note exophthalmos, ptosis, entropion, ectropion.
exophthalmos
Exophthalmos
known as proptosis, is the medical term for bulging or protruding eyeballs.
It can affect 1 or both eyes and is most often caused by thyroid eye disease.
ptosis
Ptosis
-upper eyelid droops over the eye.
The eyelid may droop just a little, or so much that it covers the pupil (the black dot at the center of your eye that lets light in).
Ptosis can limit or even completely block normal vision.
entropion
Entropion is a condition in which your eyelid, usually the lower one, is turned inward so that your eyelashes rub against your eyeball, causing discomfort.
Entropion is a condition in which your eyelid turns inward so that your eyelashes and skin rub against the eye surface.
ectropion
Ectropion
- condition in which your eyelid turns outward.
This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation.
Ectropion is more common in older adults, and it generally affects only the lower eyelid. In severe ectropion, the entire length of the eyelid is turned out.
parotid duct
The parotid duct, also known as Stensen duct,
- drains saliva from the parotid gland into the oral cavity.
- It primarily secretes serous saliva.
fundoscopic exam
also called Ophthalmoscopy
is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope. It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination.
fundoscopic exam can discover pathological process otherwise invisible
ex : recognizing endocarditis, disseminated candidemia, CMV in an HIV infected patient, and being able to stage both diabetes and hypertension.
