Terms to Know Flashcards
Evidance
Witnesses, records, objects, and documents in proof of facts being discussed.
Hear-Say
Indirect testimony, a testimony of a second hand witness without the fact clam verification.
Ad Hominem
Against the man, attacking the person delivering the message and not the message.
Philosophers
Lovers of wisdom
Allegory
Fictitious story that the proper nouns are symbolic.
Doubt
A state of hesitation, skepticism.
Belief
A unthinking/blind acceptance of an idea or set of ideas.
Faith
Action on an idea in order to verify or falsify it.
Three Parts of Critical Thinking
Fact Claim Verification
Concept Clarification
Inference Validation
Fact Claim Verification
We can verify the facts, find if they are true or not.
Concept Clarification
We understand the concept together.
Inference Validation
Is the conclusion valid.
Syligism
A comparative statement.
“All men have blue hair, and no women have blue hair,
Sue has blue hair.
Sue must be a man.”
Internal Support
Arguments can not contradict one another.
Overridingness
Assumes that morality trumps the argument.
Misplaced Authority
Citing an authority in one field to bolster your argument in an unrelated field.
Three Ethical Questions
Who makes ethical decisions?
What criteria should be used to make relevant, piratical moral decisions?
To whom do I owe an obligation regarding my moral decisions?
Stoicism
Wisdom comes from elimination false judgments.
Only the wise person is truly free.
Utility
To act in such a way that we produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Morality
The practice of a set of values.
Ethics
The study of a set of values.
Coherence Theory
A fact claim may be accepted as true if it does not conflict with other fact claims in the same belief system that have already been verified as true.
Correspondence Theory
The process of comparing a mental thought, idea, or principal to an outside object, process, of event. If they match or correspond then we can say that the thought, idea, or principal is true.
Pragmatic Theory
When the implementation or practice of an idea in the real world improves one’s existence, then the idea may be said to be pragmatic.
Divine Command Theory
Morals come from God.
Publicity
The obligation to state the viewpoint you are coming from.
Practicality
A moral is irreverent without the evidence to prove it.
Virtue Theory
Principals and ideas are designed to improve character.
Mill’s Idea of Happiness
Pleasure and the absence of pain
