Terms to Know

Question 1

Evidance

Answer 1

Witnesses, records, objects, and documents in proof of facts being discussed.

Question 2

Hear-Say

Answer 2

Indirect testimony, a testimony of a second hand witness without the fact clam verification.

Question 3

Ad Hominem

Answer 3

Against the man, attacking the person delivering the message and not the message.

Question 4

Philosophers

Answer 4

Lovers of wisdom

Question 5

Allegory

Answer 5

Fictitious story that the proper nouns are symbolic.

Question 6

Doubt

Answer 6

A state of hesitation, skepticism.

Question 7

Belief

Answer 7

A unthinking/blind acceptance of an idea or set of ideas.

Question 8

Faith

Answer 8

Action on an idea in order to verify or falsify it.

Question 9

Three Parts of Critical Thinking

Answer 9

Fact Claim Verification
Concept Clarification
Inference Validation

Question 10

Fact Claim Verification

Answer 10

We can verify the facts, find if they are true or not.

Question 11

Concept Clarification

Answer 11

We understand the concept together.

Question 12

Inference Validation

Answer 12

Is the conclusion valid.

Question 13

Syligism

Answer 13

A comparative statement.
“All men have blue hair, and no women have blue hair,
Sue has blue hair.
Sue must be a man.”

Question 14

Internal Support

Answer 14

Arguments can not contradict one another.

Question 15

Overridingness

Answer 15

Assumes that morality trumps the argument.

Question 16

Misplaced Authority

Answer 16

Citing an authority in one field to bolster your argument in an unrelated field.

Question 17

Three Ethical Questions

Answer 17

Who makes ethical decisions?
What criteria should be used to make relevant, piratical moral decisions?
To whom do I owe an obligation regarding my moral decisions?

Question 18

Stoicism

Answer 18

Wisdom comes from elimination false judgments.

Only the wise person is truly free.

Question 19

Utility

Answer 19

To act in such a way that we produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 20

Morality

Answer 20

The practice of a set of values.

Question 21

Ethics

Answer 21

The study of a set of values.

Question 22

Coherence Theory

Answer 22

A fact claim may be accepted as true if it does not conflict with other fact claims in the same belief system that have already been verified as true.

Question 23

Correspondence Theory

Answer 23

The process of comparing a mental thought, idea, or principal to an outside object, process, of event. If they match or correspond then we can say that the thought, idea, or principal is true.

Question 24

Pragmatic Theory

Answer 24

When the implementation or practice of an idea in the real world improves one’s existence, then the idea may be said to be pragmatic.

Question 25

Divine Command Theory

Answer 25

Morals come from God.

Question 26

Publicity

Answer 26

The obligation to state the viewpoint you are coming from.

Question 27

Practicality

Answer 27

A moral is irreverent without the evidence to prove it.

Question 28

Virtue Theory

Answer 28

Principals and ideas are designed to improve character.

Question 29

Mill’s Idea of Happiness

Answer 29

Pleasure and the absence of pain