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history 1110 p2 > Terms to know > Flashcards

Terms to know Flashcards

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1
Q

Caste system

A

The indian system of dividing society into heredity groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group p69

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2
Q

Aryans

A

the dominant people in the north india after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit. pg69

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3
Q

Indus (Harrappan) Civilization

A

the first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilizations p65

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4
Q

Brahman

A

The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads. p73

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5
Q

Karma

A

The tally of good and bad deeds that determines that status of an individual’s next life. p73

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6
Q

Jainism

A

Indian religion whose followers condsider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life. p75

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7
Q

Four Noble Truths

A

The Buddha’s message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and this triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct p.75

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8
Q

Eightfold Path

A

The code of conduct set forth by the buddha in his first sermon, beginning with ‘right conduct’ and ending with ‘right contemplation’. The eight paths are right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration p75

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9
Q

Mahavira

A

The key figure of Jainism. The son of the chief of a small state and a member of the warrior class. Left home to become a wandering holy man p.74

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10
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

Also called Shakyamuni (“sage of the Shakya tribe), best known as Buddha (“enlightened one”). He is very similar to Mahavira… came from a warrior class and born from a chief

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11
Q

How did the Aryans influence Indian cultural developments?

A

?

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12
Q

hinduism

A

The belief that the vedas are sacred revelations and that a specific caste system is implicitly prescribed in them. Its a guide to life, the goal f which is to reach union with brahman, the unchanging ultimate reality. p77

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13
Q

sanskrit

A

primary language of religion of india

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14
Q

cuneiform

A

The sumerians system of writing. Earliest known writing wedge shaped symbol.

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15
Q

Hittites (1500-1200 BC)

A

The earliest important Indo European people in the near Eastern World. Started 175 B.C.E. Iron made weapons and tools. Signed first treaty with egypt.

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16
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

A central ethical text of Hinduism which is a part of the world’s longest ancient epic, the Mahabharata. Offers guidance on the most serious problem facing a Hindu.- how to live in the world and yet honor dharma and thus achieve release from the wheel of life

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17
Q

Changragupta (Mauryan)

A

The ruler of a growing state in the Ganges valley. P81 need to study more detail

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18
Q

Ashoka

A

Chandragupta’s grandson, became one of India’s most remarkable figures. He embraced Buddhism and promoted its spread beyond India. Served as governor of two prosperous provinces where Buddhism flourished.

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19
Q

Mauryan

A

the first indian empire founded by chandragupta

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20
Q

logographic

A

A system of writining in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script

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21
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people

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22
Q

Yin and Yang

A

A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive and the other the masculine, bright ,and assertive

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23
Q

Silk Road

A

the trade routes across central asia linking china to western eurasia. Development during the Han Dynasty

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24
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

92 Was a Bronze Age Dynasty that appeared in north china. Witnessed the standardizing of a logographic writing

25
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

92 Was a Bronze Age Dynasty that appeared in north china. Witnessed the standardizing of a logographic writing. First record dynasty

26
Q

Empress Wu

A

This empress became the only woman in chinese history to assume the title of emperor, and created new laws that gave Chinese women greater economic autonomy

27
Q

Legalism

A

109 this philosophy shaped chinese bureaucracy in the qin dynasty and beyond and stated that people were fundamentally corrupt and would only do good if there was an incentive

28
Q

Han Dynasty

A

180 During this dynasty, Confucianism was declared the official state philosophy and legalist students were banned from government service

29
Q

Sima Qian

A

The first Chinese historian and author of Records of the grand Historian, a book Chinese history from the mythical sage kings to his own day

30
Q

Song Dynasty

A

This dynasty oversaw in china the creation of a standing army and navy, the crossbow, gunpowder for military use, joint-stock companies, paper money and credit, and the legalization of paper money and credit

31
Q

sati

A

hindu practice of a widow throwing herself onto her husbands funeral pyre

32
Q

Kalidasa

A

one of India’s greatest writers. Might have been court poet for Chandra Gupta II. Famous play - Shakuntala - girl who falls in love w/ and marries a King.

33
Q

Gupta Empire

A

Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism

34
Q

daoism

A

a religious tradition that is living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe (Tao)

35
Q

confucius

A

chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the spring and autumn time

36
Q

tang dynasty

A

a high point in chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture

37
Q

marco polo

A

an italian explorer who traveled across asia, and became government official in china

38
Q

chinggis khan

A

the title given to the mongol ruler temujin in 1206; it means great ruler

39
Q

khulilai khan

A

mongol emporer and founder of the mongol dynasty in china

40
Q

Examination System (China)

A

A system of selecting officials based on competitive written examinations

41
Q

Foot binding:

A

The practice of binding the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large

42
Q

Silla Dynasty

A

Kingdom that defeated Koguryo and Paekche with the help of the Tang.
Would later turn on the Tang and create the first independent Korean state.
After conquering Koguryo and destroying Paekche, had a golden age of creativity and Chinese-style culture. The Koreans’ excellent green glaze pottery and porcelain was one of the highlights of their cultural achievements.
The would also refine hang gul syllabary (writining and speaking)
Hang gul was a system of phonetic writing

43
Q

Tale of Genji

A

Written by Lady Murasaki .The depicts a cast of characters enmeshed in court life, with close attention to dialogue and personality. Reveals narrative what life was like in aristocratic culture.

44
Q

Prince Shotoku

A

Individual who underwent a sweeping reform designed to strengthen Yamato rule by adopting Chinese-style bureaucratic practices

45
Q

Heian Era

A

the last division of japanese history, from 794 to 1185

46
Q

Shinto

A

“Way of the gods”

  • Native Japanese religion which called for cleanliness and purification to obtain divination; physical dirt, death, childbirth, illness, menstruation, and sexual intercourse were all seen as polluting unless ceremonially cleansed by a priest, who acted as diviners and mediums.
  • Attribute divinity to forces of nature such as mountains, waterfalls. KAMI are said to be within such sacred natural places.
  • **There is also a recognition of the purity of running water.
  • At every temple, there are torii, which is a simple open gateway to signal sacred ground ahead.
  • Coexisted with Buddhism following 538 C.E.
  • Used by Yamato rulers, the Tenno clan, to subordinate the gods of their rivals; they patronized the Sun-goddessinto
47
Q

Shogun

A

Japanese “general-in chief”

-True political and military leaders of Japan; in conjunction with the emperor, not overthrowing the emperor.

48
Q

Kamakura Shogunate

A

as a Japanese feudal military government. The heads of the government were the shoguns. The first three were members of the Minamoto clan. The next two were members of the Fujiwara clan.

49
Q

Lady Murasaki

A

was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1012.

50
Q

Samurai

A

a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.

51
Q

Bushido

A

literally meaning “the way of the warrior”, is a Japanese word for the way of the samurai life, loosely analogous to the concept of chivalry in Europe. Just as the knights in Europe the samurai had a code to live by that was also based in a moral way of life.

52
Q

Nara

A

Japan’s capital and first true city; it was established in 710 A.D., modeled after the Chinese capital of Chang’an.

710-794 A.D.
Characterized as the large importation of Chinese ideas and culture.

53
Q

Cloistered government

A

A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling hisuong son on the throne

54
Q

Yoritomo Minatomo

A

was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan. He ruled from 1192 until 1199

55
Q

Fertile Cresent

A

an area in the Middle East from Mesopotamia to Egypt. Formerly fertile now desert; was the cradle of civilization. Farming and domestication of animals began.

56
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Land between the river. Modern day Iran and Iraq

the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system.

57
Q

Phoenicians (1200-539 BC)

A

people of the prosperous city-states in what is now lebanon who traded and founded colonies throughout the Mediterranean and spread the phonetic alphabet

58
Q

Assyrian Empire (911-612 BC)

A

North Mesopotamia. Military focus. Conquered by Babylonia.

history 1110 p2 (1 decks)

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