Terms to know

Question 1

Stages of change

Answer 1

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Question 2

Neurosis

Answer 2

Negative or obsessive thoughts can take over your mind to the point that it’s hard for you to handle everyday situations.

Question 3

Psychoses

Answer 3

mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality

Question 4

Skinner

Answer 4

He believed that the results of his experiments could be applied to human behavior. Developed the theory of operant conditioning – learning can be programmed by whatever consequence follows a particular behavior. People tend to repeat behaviors that are rewarded, and to avoid behaviors that are punished.

Question 5

Maslow hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

self actualization, esteem, love and belonging, safety needs, psychological needs

Question 6

Acculturation

Answer 6

socialization process by which people adopt the values, customs, norms, attitudes, and behaviors of a host culture.

Question 7

Factors of social change

Answer 7

weather, presence of people

Question 8

social conformity definition

Answer 8

type of social influence that results in a change in behavior or belief in order to fit in with a group

Question 9

compliance

Answer 9

the act of accomplishing others’ requirements; hence, being agreeable or obedient.

Question 10

identification

Answer 10

a person changes their public behavior (the way they act) and their private beliefs, but only while they are in the presence of the group they are identifying with. (short term change)

Question 11

inernalization

Answer 11

a person changes both their public behavior (the way they act) and their private beliefs. (long term change)

Question 12

what are the three types of social conformity?

Answer 12

compliance, identification, inernalization

Question 13

Stanley Milgram

Answer 13

obedience is not inevitable. He concluded people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative–even when acting against their own better judgment and desires.

Question 14

Alienation def

Answer 14

state or experience of being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved.

Question 15

Anomie

Answer 15

lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group.

Question 16

Emile durkheim

Answer 16

coined the term “anomie” to describe the condition of the industrial workers who seemed to be without any roots or norms as they struggled to survive.

Question 17

Proletariat

Answer 17

working class

Question 18

Robert Martin

Answer 18

theory deviant behavior. Deviance is a naturally occurring element in any society, and according to Merton, society itself is usually the major cause of deviance. Merton believed that social norms place pressure on the individual to conform, which forces the individual to either work within the structure of society or break from it to seek other ways of achieving a goal or expressing individuality.

Question 19

Conformist

Answer 19

Conformists are people who accept the cultural goals of their society as well as the means by which to attain those goals.

Question 20

Retreatists

Answer 20

Retreatists are individuals who have chosen to disengage from mainstream culture altogether. They don’t agree with the common cultural goals of their society, and prefer to live among groups of like-minded individuals.

Question 21

Quintile

Answer 21

any of the four values that divide the items of a frequency distribution into five classes with each containing one fifth of the total population

Question 22

relative income inequality

Answer 22

comparing the % age of total income that each quintile enjoys

Question 23

absolute income inequality

Answer 23

amount of money earned by different groups in Canada (above chart)

Question 24

LICO

Answer 24

Low Income Cut Off Line (a.k.a. the poverty line)

Question 25

what are the three process of cultural lag

Answer 25

innovention, discovery, diffusion