Terms to know Flashcards
Stages of change
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Neurosis
Negative or obsessive thoughts can take over your mind to the point that it’s hard for you to handle everyday situations.
Psychoses
mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality
Skinner
He believed that the results of his experiments could be applied to human behavior. Developed the theory of operant conditioning – learning can be programmed by whatever consequence follows a particular behavior. People tend to repeat behaviors that are rewarded, and to avoid behaviors that are punished.
Maslow hierarchy of needs
self actualization, esteem, love and belonging, safety needs, psychological needs
Acculturation
socialization process by which people adopt the values, customs, norms, attitudes, and behaviors of a host culture.
Factors of social change
weather, presence of people
social conformity definition
type of social influence that results in a change in behavior or belief in order to fit in with a group
compliance
the act of accomplishing others’ requirements; hence, being agreeable or obedient.
identification
a person changes their public behavior (the way they act) and their private beliefs, but only while they are in the presence of the group they are identifying with. (short term change)
inernalization
a person changes both their public behavior (the way they act) and their private beliefs. (long term change)
what are the three types of social conformity?
compliance, identification, inernalization
Stanley Milgram
obedience is not inevitable. He concluded people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative–even when acting against their own better judgment and desires.
Alienation def
state or experience of being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved.
Anomie
lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group.
Emile durkheim
coined the term “anomie” to describe the condition of the industrial workers who seemed to be without any roots or norms as they struggled to survive.
Proletariat
working class
Robert Martin
theory deviant behavior. Deviance is a naturally occurring element in any society, and according to Merton, society itself is usually the major cause of deviance. Merton believed that social norms place pressure on the individual to conform, which forces the individual to either work within the structure of society or break from it to seek other ways of achieving a goal or expressing individuality.
Conformist
Conformists are people who accept the cultural goals of their society as well as the means by which to attain those goals.
Retreatists
Retreatists are individuals who have chosen to disengage from mainstream culture altogether. They don’t agree with the common cultural goals of their society, and prefer to live among groups of like-minded individuals.
Quintile
any of the four values that divide the items of a frequency distribution into five classes with each containing one fifth of the total population
relative income inequality
comparing the % age of total income that each quintile enjoys
absolute income inequality
amount of money earned by different groups in Canada (above chart)
LICO
Low Income Cut Off Line (a.k.a. the poverty line)
what are the three process of cultural lag
innovention, discovery, diffusion
