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Bio 142 > Terms - Senses and Autonomic > Flashcards

Terms - Senses and Autonomic Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

free nerve endings

A

percieve hot, cold and pain (nociceptors)

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2
Q

most encapsupated nerve endings are________________

A

mechanoreceptors for touch, pressure, stretch

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3
Q

tactile discs

A

stratum basale of epidermis

light touch, pressure

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4
Q

tactile corpuscles

A

on skin without hair (fingertips, palms, eyelids, lip, tongue, nipples, genitals)

light touch, texture

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5
Q

nerves on palm that determine what a fabric is (velvet vs. bath towel)

A

tactile corpuscles

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6
Q

unencapsulated nerve endings detect

A

pain, hot, cold, light touch and pressure, movement of hairs

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7
Q

somatosensory is another name for _______________ senses

A

general

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8
Q

special senses

A

limited to head vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell

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9
Q

proprioceptors: tonic or phasic receptors

A

tonic

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10
Q

smell: tonic or phasic receptors

A

phasic

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11
Q

type of stimulus/sensation produced is determined by _______________ which is determined by where the sensory signal ends in the brain

A

modality

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12
Q

_________ potential is small and local

A

receptor potential

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13
Q

sensory cell for touch and smell

A

neuron

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14
Q

sensory cell for taste and hearing

A

epithelial cell

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15
Q

intensity

A

loud or soft bright or dim mild pain or excruciating

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16
Q

brain interprets intensity based on: which _______ are firing, how_______ are firing, how ______ they are firing

A

which neurons are firing, how many are firing, how fast they are firing

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17
Q

proprioceptors and pain receptors are very persistent _______ receptors

A

tonic receptors

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18
Q

proprioceptors are found in

A

muscles, tendons, joint capsules

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19
Q

proprioceptors tell body

A

position and movement of body/parts

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20
Q

somatic efferent pathway

A

CNS sends signal to skeletal muscle via. Upper/lower motor neuron (no ganglia)

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21
Q

autonomic efferent pathway

A

CSN sends signal to organs/viscera via pre- and post- ganglionic nerve fibers

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22
Q

somatic neurotransmitter(s)

A

Acetocholine Ach

23
Q

automomic neurotransmitter(s)

A

Acetocholine Ach

Norepinephrine NE

24
Q

denervation in somatic

A

flacid paralysis

25
Q

denervation in autonomic

A

denervation hypersensitivity

26
Q

most fibers of parasympathetic travel in the _______ nerve

A

Vagus CNX

27
Q

solar plexus

A

combined name for celiac and upper mesenteric ganglia (because nerves coming off look like sun rays)

28
Q

adrenal medulla secretes

A

hormones into bloodstream: catecholamines (epinephirine/adremaline,noradrenaline)

29
Q

CNS relationship to enteric nervous system

A

enteric does not arise from CNS is the digestive system of the digestive tract

BUT digestive funtion is regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic

30
Q

enteric nervous system

A

digestive tract nervous system innervates smooth muscle/glands for motility

31
Q

Hirschsprung

A

AKA Megacolon hereditary absence of the enteric n. system no innervation of the sigmoid colon/rectum can’t poop - impaction/constipation/potential colonic gangrene/peritonitis

32
Q

spinal nerves that pass through the paravertebral/chain ganglia without synapsing

A

splanchnic

33
Q

3 routes nerve fibers leave the sympathetic chain

A

spinal

sympathetic

spanchnic

34
Q

sympathetic: spinal nerve route

A

nerve leaves CNS

synapse in paravertegral ganglion

enter via. White ramus

exit via gray ramus

35
Q

route used by most sweat glands, piloerector muscles and blood vessels of skin/skeletal muscles

A

sympathetic spinal nerve route

36
Q

sympathetic: sympathetic nerve route

A

spinal nerves that form carotid plexis around artery of the neck to issue fibers to the head (sweat, salivary, nasal glands, piloerector, blood vessels, dilators of iris) some fibers from superior and middle cervical ganglia form cardiac nerves to the heart

37
Q

local potential

A

short-range change in voltage but get weaker away from origin unlike action potential

local potential can be excitatory or inhibitory

38
Q

SLUDGE and “rest and digest” are functions of

A

parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

39
Q

“fight or flight” is extreme of

A

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

40
Q

background activity of the ANS

A

autonomic tone

41
Q

keeping heart rate down to 70-80 beats/min is an example of _________ tone

A

parasympathetic tone

42
Q

keeping blood vessels partially constricted to maintain BP is an example of _____________ tone

A

sympathetic tone

43
Q

the _____________ division of the ANS excites the heart but inhibits digestive/urinary

A

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

44
Q

explain visceral baro-reflex (Ex. of percieved increase blood pressure) baroreceptor afferent neurons integration center interneurons efferent neurons effector

A

visceral baro-reflex: receptors (nerve endings that percieve stretch, tissue damage, chemicals, temperature, etc) Ex.baroreceptors sense increased blood pressure afferent neurons lead to integration center and interneurons in the CNS efferent neurons carry motor signal away from the CNS and signal to an effector to produce end response (ex. decrease heart rate)

45
Q

sympathetic nerve fibers come from length of fibers sympathetic division aka…… divergence

A

thoracic and lumbar regions T1-L2 short pre-ganglion nerve fibers long post ganglion fibers lots of divergence (each pre- connects on 10-20 post-ganglionic cells)

46
Q

parasympathetic nerve fibers come from length of fibers parasympathetic division aka…… divergence

A

brain (midbrain, pons, medulla) and sacral region S2-S4 pre-ganglionic fiber are long post- are short AKA craniosacral division much less divergence than sympathetic

47
Q

abdominopelvic components of sympathetic n. system

A

collateral ganglia abdominal aortic plexus adrenal glands

48
Q

abdominal aortic plexus

A

collateral ganglia wrap around aorta on both sides: celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

49
Q

most chemoreceptors have this type of nerve ending

A

encapsulated, wrapping enhances sensitivity or selectivity of response

50
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

diabetic neuropothy

51
Q

odorants

A

sense of smell due to odorants (chemicals)

52
Q

stapedius, tensor tympani muscles

A

attach to stapes and malleus middle ear muscles

53
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

death of hair cells or any nervous system elements needed for hearing (factory workers, musicians, construction workers)

54
Q

what professions may lead to sensorineural deafness

A

factory workers, musicians, construction workers death of hair cells or any nervous system elements needed for hearing

Bio 142 (1 decks)

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