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Bio 142 > Terms - Senses and Autonomic > Flashcards

Terms - Senses and Autonomic Flashcards

1
Q

free nerve endings

A

percieve hot, cold and pain (nociceptors)

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2
Q

most encapsupated nerve endings are________________

A

mechanoreceptors for touch, pressure, stretch

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3
Q

tactile discs

A

stratum basale of epidermis

light touch, pressure

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4
Q

tactile corpuscles

A

on skin without hair (fingertips, palms, eyelids, lip, tongue, nipples, genitals)

light touch, texture

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5
Q

nerves on palm that determine what a fabric is (velvet vs. bath towel)

A

tactile corpuscles

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6
Q

unencapsulated nerve endings detect

A

pain, hot, cold, light touch and pressure, movement of hairs

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7
Q

somatosensory is another name for _______________ senses

A

general

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8
Q

special senses

A

limited to head vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell

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9
Q

proprioceptors: tonic or phasic receptors

A

tonic

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10
Q

smell: tonic or phasic receptors

A

phasic

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11
Q

type of stimulus/sensation produced is determined by _______________ which is determined by where the sensory signal ends in the brain

A

modality

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12
Q

_________ potential is small and local

A

receptor potential

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13
Q

sensory cell for touch and smell

A

neuron

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14
Q

sensory cell for taste and hearing

A

epithelial cell

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15
Q

intensity

A

loud or soft bright or dim mild pain or excruciating

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16
Q

brain interprets intensity based on: which _______ are firing, how_______ are firing, how ______ they are firing

A

which neurons are firing, how many are firing, how fast they are firing

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17
Q

proprioceptors and pain receptors are very persistent _______ receptors

A

tonic receptors

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18
Q

proprioceptors are found in

A

muscles, tendons, joint capsules

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19
Q

proprioceptors tell body

A

position and movement of body/parts

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20
Q

somatic efferent pathway

A

CNS sends signal to skeletal muscle via. Upper/lower motor neuron (no ganglia)

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21
Q

autonomic efferent pathway

A

CSN sends signal to organs/viscera via pre- and post- ganglionic nerve fibers

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22
Q

somatic neurotransmitter(s)

A

Acetocholine Ach

23
Q

automomic neurotransmitter(s)

A

Acetocholine Ach

Norepinephrine NE

24
Q

denervation in somatic

A

flacid paralysis

25
denervation in autonomic
denervation hypersensitivity
26
most fibers of parasympathetic travel in the _______ nerve
Vagus CNX
27
solar plexus
combined name for celiac and upper mesenteric ganglia (because nerves coming off look like sun rays)
28
adrenal medulla secretes
hormones into bloodstream: catecholamines (epinephirine/adremaline,noradrenaline)
29
CNS relationship to enteric nervous system
enteric does not arise from CNS is the digestive system of the digestive tract BUT digestive funtion is regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic
30
enteric nervous system
digestive tract nervous system innervates smooth muscle/glands for motility
31
Hirschsprung
AKA Megacolon hereditary absence of the enteric n. system no innervation of the sigmoid colon/rectum can't poop - impaction/constipation/potential colonic gangrene/peritonitis
32
spinal nerves that pass through the paravertebral/chain ganglia without synapsing
splanchnic
33
3 routes nerve fibers leave the sympathetic chain
spinal sympathetic spanchnic
34
sympathetic: spinal nerve route
nerve leaves CNS synapse in paravertegral ganglion enter via. White ramus exit via gray ramus
35
route used by most sweat glands, piloerector muscles and blood vessels of skin/skeletal muscles
sympathetic spinal nerve route
36
sympathetic: sympathetic nerve route
spinal nerves that form carotid plexis around artery of the neck to issue fibers to the head (sweat, salivary, nasal glands, piloerector, blood vessels, dilators of iris) some fibers from superior and middle cervical ganglia form cardiac nerves to the heart
37
local potential
short-range change in voltage but get weaker away from origin unlike action potential local potential can be excitatory or inhibitory
38
SLUDGE and "rest and digest" are functions of
parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
39
"fight or flight" is extreme of
sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
40
background activity of the ANS
autonomic tone
41
keeping heart rate down to 70-80 beats/min is an example of _________ tone
parasympathetic tone
42
keeping blood vessels partially constricted to maintain BP is an example of _____________ tone
sympathetic tone
43
the _____________ division of the ANS excites the heart but inhibits digestive/urinary
sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
44
explain visceral baro-reflex (Ex. of percieved increase blood pressure) baroreceptor afferent neurons integration center interneurons efferent neurons effector
visceral baro-reflex: receptors (nerve endings that percieve stretch, tissue damage, chemicals, temperature, etc) Ex.baroreceptors sense increased blood pressure afferent neurons lead to integration center and interneurons in the CNS efferent neurons carry motor signal away from the CNS and signal to an effector to produce end response (ex. decrease heart rate)
45
sympathetic nerve fibers come from length of fibers sympathetic division aka…… divergence
thoracic and lumbar regions T1-L2 short pre-ganglion nerve fibers long post ganglion fibers lots of divergence (each pre- connects on 10-20 post-ganglionic cells)
46
parasympathetic nerve fibers come from length of fibers parasympathetic division aka…… divergence
brain (midbrain, pons, medulla) and sacral region S2-S4 pre-ganglionic fiber are long post- are short AKA craniosacral division much less divergence than sympathetic
47
abdominopelvic components of sympathetic n. system
collateral ganglia abdominal aortic plexus adrenal glands
48
abdominal aortic plexus
collateral ganglia wrap around aorta on both sides: celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric
49
most chemoreceptors have this type of nerve ending
encapsulated, wrapping enhances sensitivity or selectivity of response
50
diabetes mellitus
diabetic neuropothy
51
odorants
sense of smell due to odorants (chemicals)
52
stapedius, tensor tympani muscles
attach to stapes and malleus middle ear muscles
53
sensorineural deafness
death of hair cells or any nervous system elements needed for hearing (factory workers, musicians, construction workers)
54
what professions may lead to sensorineural deafness
factory workers, musicians, construction workers death of hair cells or any nervous system elements needed for hearing

Bio 142 (1 decks)

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