Terms Quiz: From Kant to Animal Rights

Question 1

Categorical Imperative

Answer 1

commands or moral laws all persons must follow, regardless of their desires or extenuating circumstances

Question 2

First formulation (Formula of Universal Law)

Answer 2

Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”

Question 3

Second formulation (Formula of the End in Itself or the Practical Imperative)

Answer 3

Treat people as an end, and never as a means to an end.

Question 4

Formula of Autonomy

Answer 4

So act that your will can regard itself at the same time as making universal law through its maxims.

Question 5

Hypothetical Imperatives

Answer 5

a rule of conduct that is understood to apply to an individual only if he or she desires a certain end and has chosen (willed) to act on that desire.

Question 6

Autonomous

Answer 6

the capacity to deliberate and to give oneself the moral law, rather than merely heeding the injunctions of others

Question 7

Heteronomous

Answer 7

the state of acting on desires that are not governed by reason

Question 8

A priori

Answer 8

A priori knowledge
Knowledge that is independent of experience. For example, “1 + 1 = 2” is an a priori truth because it is not based on empirical observation.

Question 9

A posteriori

Answer 9

Knowledge that is dependent on experience and is empirical. A posteriori knowledge is based on the content of experience and must acknowledge possible exceptions. Examples of a posteriori knowledge include “apples are sweet” and “the fact that trees are typically green”.

Question 9

Intelligible

Answer 9

a separate world from the sensible world that is not influenced by the senses, and is meant to be protected from metaphysical illusions

Question 10

Sensible

Answer 10

the capacity of the human mind to receive representations of objects through the way objects affect us

Question 11

Duty

Answer 11

duty is the only good reason for doing the right thing

Question 12

Inclination

Answer 12

a habitual desire that is more like a general tendency than an impulse

Question 13

Social Contract Theory

Answer 13

social contract is the glue that holds the state together

Question 14

Ding an sich: Thing in itself

Answer 14

refers to the status of objects as they are, independent of observation and representation

Question 15

Deontology

Answer 15

focuses on the action itself (aligns w kant better)

Question 16

Consequentialism

Answer 16

focused on the results of that action

Question 17

Voluntary decency

Answer 17

to accept “obligations over and above self-interest” to nature just as they accepted similar obligations to their families

Question 18

Ecological and Philosophical Ethics

Answer 18

advocate for considering the natural world as a community where humans are not simply conquerors but members with a moral responsibility to protect and care for the land and all its living organisms

Question 19

Land Ethic

Answer 19

a moral code that emphasizes the interconnectedness of people and the land, and the importance of caring for both

Question 19

Thinking like a mountain

Answer 19

to have a complete appreciation for the profound interconnectedness of the elements in the ecosystems

Question 20

Conqueror role to plain member and citizen role towards the land community

Question 21

Preservation Mindset

Answer 21

mindset 2 preserve

Question 22

Conservation Mindset

Answer 22

mindset 2 conserve

Question 22

cosmology

Answer 22

Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos.

Question 23

exile

Answer 23

like how story of adam and eve (getting kicked out of garden) is harmful bcs

Question 24

reciprocity

Question 25

allotment (Dawes Severalty Act, 1887)

Question 26

Boarding School era (Lt. Pratt, Carlisle Indian School, Pennsylvania, founded 1879, with the motto “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”; US boarding school policy persists until approx 1975, with the passage of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975)

Question 27

Indian Territory (Indian Removal Act, 1830)

Question 28

mycorrhizae

Answer 28

a symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots that benefit both organisms

Question 28

symbiosis

Question 29

gift exchange

Question 30

commodity exchange

Question 31

the honorable harvest

Question 31

sweetgrass

Question 32

the grammar of animacy

Answer 32

that language where there are no it and ‘to be a river’ is a verb

Question 32

cultures of gratitude

Question 33

the Thanksgiving Address or the Words that Come Before All Else