Terms (Quiz 2)

Question 1

Social Class

Answer 1

Represents any important means of expressing distinctions within society.

Question 2

Poverty

Answer 2

Denotes a lack of something.

Question 3

The Theory of the Leisure Class (Thorstein Veblen - 1899)

Answer 3

Participating in “upper class” leisure activities is used to obtain status.

Question 4

Conspicuous Consumption

Answer 4

Deliberate consumption of goods or services as a way to draw others’ attention.

Question 5

Conspicuous Leisure

Answer 5

Engaging in leisure activities that suggest wealth and status.

Question 6

Poverty

Answer 6

Generally thought of as the absence of access to something essential (material or service form).

Question 7

Absolute Poverty

Answer 7

When people are not receiving enough resources to support or maintain their physical health over time.

Question 8

Relative Poverty

Answer 8

Refers to the social context and can vary over time and place. Surviving but not thriving.

Question 9

Low Income Cut Off (LICO)

Answer 9

Official Statistics Canada measure of poverty. Takes into account geographic areas, but generally marks income levels where people spend most of their income on food, shelter, and clothing.

Question 10

Market Basket Approach

Answer 10

Estimates the cost of a specific “basket” of goods and services that are required to reach a minimum standard of living. The cost to live in a certain area and if people are meeting it.

Question 11

Individual OR Pathological Causes

Answer 11

Poverty as a result of behaviour, choices, and/or abilities.

Question 12

Familial Causes

Answer 12

Poverty resulting from family history or upbringing.

Question 13

Agency Causes

Answer 13

Poverty as a result of the actions of others (ex. war, government, economy).

Question 14

Structural Causes

Answer 14

Poverty is the result of not having access to power and resources in society.

Question 15

Egalitarian

Answer 15

Everyone is interested in sport (sport ignores social class, racism, etc.).

Question 16

Meritocratic

Answer 16

Persons with talent, regardless of social background, can succeed.

Question 17

Social Inequality

Answer 17

Members of a social group have different amounts of wealth, power, or prestige.

Question 18

Social Stratification

Answer 18

Hierarchically ranked attributes within the group.

Question 19

Social Class

Answer 19

People occupying the same relative economic rank in a stratified social system.

Question 20

Structural Functionalism (Sports)

Answer 20

Social inequality and stratification ensure efficient social processes. Incentives to achieve.

Question 21

Conflict Theory (Sports)

Answer 21

Capitalism results in social inequality and exploitation. Those with wealth, power, and prestige resist change.

Question 22

Children From Low-Income Households Are More Likely to Engage In

Answer 22

1) Physical contact sports.
2) Sports requiring little equipment.
3) Publicly funded sports.

Question 23

Types of Spectators

Answer 23

1) Attendance at live event.
2) Watch or listen on TV/radio.
3) Fantasy sport involvement (betting).

Question 24

Social Mobility

Answer 24

Movement of individuals from one social location in class system to another.

Question 25

Intragenerational Mobility

Answer 25

Mobility within one’s lifetime.

Question 26

Intergenerational Mobility

Answer 26

Mobility of children relative to parents.

Question 27

6 Myths Regarding Sports

Answer 27

1) Sport provides free college education.
2) Sport leads to a college degree, yet fewer than half of college athletes graduate with a degree.
3) Professional careers is likely for successful athletes, but few make it.
4) Sport is a way out of poverty, especially for racial minorities.
5) Title IX provides women with opportunities for upward mobility.
6) Professional sport careers provide lifelong security.

Question 28

7 Dimensions of Wellness

Answer 28

1) Social
2) Intellectual
3) Emotional
4) Occupational
5) Environmental
6) Financial
7) Spiritual

Question 29

Capitalism

Answer 29

Economic activity to generate profit.

Question 30

Capitalism Relies On

Answer 30

1) Minimizing cost production.
2) Maximizing consumption.

Question 31

Role of State/Government

Answer 31

A complicated balance of managing economic growth and impacts on wellbeing.

Question 32

American Dream

Answer 32

Emphasis on individualism and personal attainment to get ahead.

Question 33

Stigma and Obesity

Answer 33

Blaming the individual.

Question 34

Equality

Answer 34

Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination.

Question 35

Equity

Answer 35

Any law, program, or activity could cause inequality as long as it is used to achieve equality.

Question 36

Impairment

Answer 36

A physiological aspect that impacts someone’s ability to do something. Ex. visual impairment.

Question 37

Disability

Answer 37

When a socially created environment causes people with impairments to be disabled.

Question 38

Healthy Immigrant Effect

Answer 38

When immigrants first come to a country healthier than the average citizen but over time, their health declines faster than the average citizen.

Question 39

Cosmetic

Answer 39

A preparation, such as powder or a skin cream, designed to beautify the body by direct application. Something superficial that is used to cover a “deficiency” or “defect”.

Question 40

Cosmetic Fitness

Answer 40

Simply working out for the purpose of “looking fit”.

Question 41

Bodily Capital

Answer 41

Explains why people invest time, money, and energy into their bodies and what they expect to receive in return.

Question 42

Fit (In Media)

Answer 42

Skinny. Doesn’t always mean healthy.

Question 43

Attraction

Answer 43

A construction based on an invention of the image one wants to assume to give rise to a bond with another person.

Question 44

The “Looking Glass Self”

Answer 44

Our awareness of ourselves is the reflection of the ideas and opinions we imagine others have of us.

Question 45

Types of Capital Gained From How the Body Looks

Answer 45

1) Economic Capital
2) Cultural Capital (people turn to you for something)
3) Social Capital
4) Symbolic Capital (recognition, what you symbolize)

Question 46

Manhood

Answer 46

The state of being a man.

Question 47

Masculinity

Answer 47

Represents the overarching beliefs, goals, and values that pattern and configure relations among men and between men and women.

Question 48

Hegemonic Masculinity

Answer 48

Masculinity that is specific to a time, place, culture, and age of the individual.

Question 49

Critical Periods Model

Answer 49

Adversity in early life and important or key developmental points across the lifespan are major influencers of disease risk (a specific period in time).

Question 50

Pathway Model

Answer 50

Early life events essentially set people on a trajectory or pathway where subsequent life events build on earlier ones to either positively or negatively affect health and notions (overtime).

Question 51

Cumulative Effects Model

Answer 51

The number of adverse events, clustering of these adverse effects, and the duration of exposure to the adverse events at different phases of a person’s life has a cumulative effect on health over time.

Question 52

3 Main Ways Manhood and Masculinity is Demonstrated

Answer 52

1) Educational Attainment
2) Socioeconomic Status
3) Social Class Status