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Medical Terminology > Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole > Flashcards

Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How many chromosomes does a normal human body cell have?

A

23 pairs

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does a human sex cell have?

A

23 unpaired

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3
Q

How many chromosomes does an embryo have?

A

46 (combination of 23 (egg) and 23 (sperm))

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4
Q

Karyotype

A

Photograph of an individuals chromosomes, arranged by size, shape and number

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5
Q

Catabolism

A

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. “Cata” = down; “bol” = cast; “ism” = process

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6
Q

Anabolism

A

Process of building up large proteins from small proteins pieces called amino acids. “Ana” = up; ex: anabolic steroids and androgens - both build protein in cells

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a call (including anabolism and catabolism)

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8
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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9
Q

Connectie Tissue

A

Ex: adipose, cartilage, bone and blood

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10
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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11
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat; common passageway for food and air

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12
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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13
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

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14
Q

Body Cavities

A

cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic and spinal

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15
Q

What are the two smaller cavities that make up the thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural: space surround each lung. If the pleura is inflamed (as in pleuritis or pleurisy), the pleural cavity may fill with fluid.
Mediastinum: centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus glands, bronchial tubes and many lymph nodes.

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16
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. Attaches the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place.

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17
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities

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18
Q

Are the abdominal and pelvic cavities separated?

A

No; referred together as the abdominopelvic cavity

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19
Q

What is the collection of fluid in the pleural cavity called?

A

Pleural effusion

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20
Q

What is the collection in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Ascites

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21
Q

How many regions are in the abdominalpelvic area?

A

9

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22
Q

What are the regions in the abdominalpelvic area?

A

(R,L) Hypochondriac regions (under rib cartilage)
Epigastric region (above stomach)
(R,L) Lumbar regions (middle regions near waist)
Umbilical region (naval/umbilicus)
(R,L) Inguinal regions (near groin; also called iliac regions; near ilium (hip bone)
Hypogastric region (lower region below umbilical region)

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23
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdominopelvic area?

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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24
Q

How many divisions of the back are there?

A

5

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25
Q

What are the back/spinal divisions

A

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacral (5), Coccygeal (1; 4 fused bones)

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26
Q

Sacral

A

Five bones (S1 - S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum

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27
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front side of the body; ex: forehead

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28
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back side of the body

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29
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

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30
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

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31
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk

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32
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment

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33
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Below another structure

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34
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure

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35
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

36
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

37
Q

Supine

A

Laying on the back

38
Q

Prone

A

Laying on the belly

39
Q

Frontal plane

A

Also known as coronal plane; divides into posterior and anterior

40
Q

Saggital plane

A

Also known as the lateral plane; lengthwise vertical plane that divides the body left to right

41
Q

Traverse plane

A

Horizontal, cross sectional plane running parallel to the ground

42
Q

Abdomin/o

A

abdomen

43
Q

adip/o

A

fat

44
Q

anter/o

A

front

45
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (of the body or uterus)

46
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

47
Q

chrom/o

A

color

48
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone)

49
Q

crani/o

A

skull

50
Q

dist/o

A

distant, far

51
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

52
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

53
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

54
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

55
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

56
Q

-type

A

classification or picture

57
Q

later/o

A

side

58
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

59
Q

medi/o

A

middle

60
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

61
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

62
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

63
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

64
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

65
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

66
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

67
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

nipple; epithelial cell - originally identified in the skin of the nipple

68
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

69
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

70
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel

71
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

72
Q

ana-

A

up

73
Q

cata-

A

down

74
Q

epi-

A

above

75
Q

hypo-

A

below

76
Q

inter-

A

between

77
Q

intra-

A

within

78
Q

meta-

A

change

79
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

80
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

81
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

82
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

83
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

84
Q

-plasm

A

formation

85
Q

-somes

A

bodies

86
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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