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China 1949-76 > terms/people/places > Flashcards

terms/people/places Flashcards

1
Q

Guomindang

A

GMD - nationalists

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2
Q

Sick Man of Asia

A

China’s nickname

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3
Q

hyperinflation

A

the value of a currency decreasing rapidly

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4
Q

Manchuria

A

place in northern China where China had a lot of steel mills
at the end of WW2 the USSR controlled it and they dismantled and stole industrial equipment in factories and mines

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5
Q

subsistence farming

A

1949 agriculture, at a level where most of what produced is used by the farmer and little is left to trade

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6
Q

American bombing destroyed what regions during Japanese occupation

A

Hankou, the second largest port. Hainan, another key port

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7
Q

democratic centralism

A

the voice of the people would be represented in central govt. by democratic election to the legislature. There would be democratically elected local congresses that would pass info up to the “centre” govt. in beijing

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8
Q

CPPCC

A

Chinese peoples political consultative conference

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9
Q

common programme for China

A

created by CPPCC, act as constitution till 1954
- all would have freedom except “political reactionaries”
- accepted a multi party system
- Mao named head of state

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10
Q

National People’s Congress

A
  • an elected legislature
  • would meet once a year to make laws
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11
Q

Confucius

A
  • Philosopher whoa argued that people should be loyal to figures of authority
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12
Q

members of the standing committee

A
  • Mao’s friends
  • Liu Shaoqi
  • Zhou Enlai
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13
Q

PLA

A

peoples liberation army
“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun”

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14
Q

reunification campaigns

A

campaigns that looked to reunite China and its provinces after the civil war and WW2 caused China to turn to chaos

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15
Q

regional bureaux

A

PRC was divided into six massive regions governed by regional party bureaux, each bureaux had four officials, two of which were military positions - around 1949

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16
Q

learn from the PLA

A

campaign to get people to learn discipline and commitment to communism from the PLA soldiers.

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17
Q

campaign to supress counter revolutionaries

A

prevent nationalist sympathisers and spies from undermining PRC.
most at risk were ex-nationalists, academics and Christian missionaries. they were purged

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18
Q

self registration

A

Regime tricked people into implicating themselves. people who had previous positions in nationalist govt. were to register and list friends with the promise of being treated leniently. they were arrested.

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19
Q

mass participation

A

party encouraging citizens to become involved in rallies to denounce “counter revolutionaries”

20
Q

Three Antis Campaign

A

campaign directed against:
corruption
waste
obstructionist bureaucracy in govt.

21
Q

five antis campaign

A

campaign directed against:
bribery
tax evasion
theft of state property
cheating on govt. contracts
stealing state economic information

22
Q

regions where there were reunification campaigns and why

A

Tibet - people followed the Dalai Lama and Buddhism
Xinjiang - close to the USSR, large Uighur Muslim pop. that has close ethnic links to the USSR
Guangdong - had been a nationalist stronghold and had many vital ports
Taiwan - couldn’t invade because of the Korean War

23
Q

17 point agreement

A

on measures for the peaceful liberation of Tibet

24
Q

Political Consultative conference - when and what

A

1949 - nationalist leaders in Xinjiang were invited but on the way their plane “crashed”

25
Q

who led PLA

A

Peng Dehuai

26
Q

laogai and examples

A

labour camps
- prisoners built roads, dug reservoirs, dug uranium mines
Sichuan - inmates built railways in winter, many froze
Hebei - salt mines hundreds died each month
Guangdong - tin mines - 1 in 3 took their own lives

27
Q

jiuye

A

forced job placement camps

28
Q

laojiao

A

re-education through labour camps - 1957
held victims of the anti rightist campaign
abandoned judicial procedure, so inmates could be held indefinitely till police decided they had been “re-educated”

29
Q

Anti rightist campaign

A

started as a result of a hundred flowers campaign,
against the “poisonous weeds”

30
Q

Danwei

A

work units

31
Q

Agrarian Land reform

A

Landlords who exploited peasants would have property seized and redistributed to peasants “the tiller”

32
Q

Mutual aid teams (MATs)

A

teams set up, where peasants pooled resources like ploughs and tools.
small scale - usually ten or fewer households

33
Q

Agricultural Producers Co-operatives

A
  • Land reorganised into a single unit and peasants compensated based on value of land, tools and labour they contributed
  • larger than MATs
34
Q

“walking on two legs”

A

focusing on industry and agriculture, using communes

35
Q

4 pests campaign

A
  • rid China of the four pests: sparrows, rats, flies. mosquitoes
36
Q

Lysenkoism

A

Lysenko was a fraudulent soviet agrobiologist, he proposed things like planting crops close together and exposing seeds to low temperatures.

37
Q

first 5 year plan

A

focused on heavy industry

38
Q

what did the soviets give China under the Sino-Soviet mutual assistance treaty (after end of Korean war in 1953)

A
  • construction of 156 major industrial enterprises
  • industrial experts (11,000)
  • 28,000 Chinese to study in Russia
  • $300 million loan over 5 years
39
Q

aims of first 5 year plan

A
  • high growth rate, especially in heavy industry
  • advanced tech investment
  • construct modern industrial plants
  • self sufficiency
  • high level of grain procurement
  • stimulate transformation toward a socialist society
40
Q

“General steel” and “General grain”

A

Under the 2nd 5 year plan Mao wanted “walking on 2 legs”, and regime declare “general steel” and “general grain” were in charge of the economy

41
Q

backyard furnaces

A

Families encouraged to set them up under the second 5 year plan (GLF), all possible sources of metal (pots, pans etc.) to be melted
most of the metal made was pig iron and was just discarded.
food left to rot in the fields

42
Q

Peng Dehuai - Lushan conference

A

he voiced concerns about false reporting and the reporting of a record grain harvest (375 million tons). He had seen the famine in a village in Hunan province.

43
Q

policies/ ideology of Liu and Deng

A

they were pragmatic an rational rather than ideologues

44
Q

What % of GLF failures did Liu blame on natural vs man made disasters

A

Natural - 30%
Man made - 70%

45
Q
A

China 1949-76 (3 decks)

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