Terms / People/places

Question 1

Soviet’s

Answer 1

Small democratic councils that emerged in villages and towns after revolution

Question 2

Decree on land

Answer 2

Peasants could seize land from nobility and church

Question 3

Decree of peace

Answer 3

Commitment to withdraw from ww1

Question 4

Workers’ decree

Answer 4

8 hour max working day and minimum wage

Question 5

Constitution of 1918

Answer 5

Document setting out the structure and powers of Lenin’s new revolutionary govt.

Question 6

Mensheviks and socialist revolutionaries

Answer 6

Opposing parties to the Bolshevik’s

Question 7

Zinoviev and kamenev

Answer 7

Moderates in the Bolshevik party

Question 8

Constituent assembly

Answer 8

Created by a nationwide election, closed 1 day after its first meeting. Meant to agree a constitution for Russia after the Tsar was deposed

Question 9

Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

Answer 9

Gave away land to central powers so Russia could leave ww2

Question 10

Politburo

Answer 10

Russian cabinet

Question 11

Reactionary whites

Answer 11

Senior Russian army officials , SRs and Mensheviks, uk France USA and Japan

Question 12

Party nomenklatura

Answer 12

New educated elite. Administrators in the communist party of soviet govt.

Question 13

War communism

Answer 13

Policy during civil war . Property seizures, rule by decree, red terror- Cheka and food requisitioning ( set of emergency economic measures to help win war )

Question 14

Gulag

Answer 14

Russian prison system

Question 15

Apparatchik

Answer 15

Minion ( someone that just does someone else’s bidding )

Question 16

Kulak

Answer 16

Rich peasant, class enemy. Anyone who refused collective farming

Question 17

Collectivisation

Answer 17

A few mega farms

Question 18

Leningrad affair

Answer 18

Stalins purge against Leningrad party

Question 19

Beria

Answer 19

Head of secret police in 1938-53

Question 20

Decentralisation

Answer 20

Giving power from the centre to more local levels

Question 21

Gerontocracy

Answer 21

Rule of old people

Question 22

Matthias rust

Answer 22

May 1987 - landed plane in red square Moscow, west Germany citizen, embarrassing for Soviet Union as they let it happen.

Question 23

Chernobyl

Answer 23

April 1986 - reactor 4 exploded with 30-40 times radiation as the combined nuclear blasts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Showed how soviet infrastructure was behind and broken. Embarrassing for ussr as it was a costly mistake.

Question 24

Rationalisation

Answer 24

Initial economic reform under Gorbachev

Question 25

Perestroika

Answer 25

Economic reforms intended to stimulate growth under Gorbachev

Question 26

Samagon

Answer 26

Illegally manufactured alcohol

Question 27

Uskorenie

Answer 27

Acceleration, huge increase in investment to modernise soviet economy by Gorbachev.

Question 28

500 day program

Answer 28

Transition economy to mostly private business. Gorb forced to limit it by politiburo

Question 29

the decree of workers control

Answer 29

allowed workers to elect committees to run factories

Question 30

NEP

Answer 30

liberalised the economy

Question 31

Sovnarkom vs politburo from 1917-24

Answer 31

original institutions like Sovnarkom lost power to institutions that emerged in the Civil war - Politburo now made all important decisions

Question 32

Where did the Great terror start

Answer 32

Leningrad

Question 33

Leningrad affair

Answer 33

Purge against the Leningrad party in 1949
- stalin worried Leningrad was getting more independent from Moscow

Question 34

“state capitalism”

Answer 34

term Lenin gave to the phase between capitalism - that he destroyed with the revolution - and socialism - as Russia still needed to build its economy.
- based on the nationalisation of industry

Question 35

Versenka or the Supreme Soviet of The National Economy

Answer 35

Versenka - a group of economic experts
- they ensured factories were well managed
- co-ordinated economic production to meet needs

Question 36

War communism

Answer 36

a policy introduced during the civil war to make lots of war goods, feed soldiers and the population

Question 37

Grain requisitioning

Answer 37

During war communism the Cheka took grain from peasants

Question 38

tax in kind

Answer 38

policy under the NEP where agricultural production was left to the free market so grain requisitioning was replaced by farmers giving the govt. a proportion of what they produced (“tax in kind”)

Question 39

Nepmen

Answer 39

traders under the NEP who made money by transporting goods around and selling them ,not producing anything themselves

Question 40

dictatorship of industry

Answer 40

What those on the left wanted to adopt (Trotsky)

Question 41

command economy

Answer 41

A centrally directed planned economy

Question 42

Kulak grain strike

Answer 42

Those on the left claiming that the NEP was being held back in 1927 and 28 by rich capitalist peasants and so they advocated for reform/ collectivisation which Stalin then introduced in 1928 after removing the leftists (Trotsky and Zinoviev) from the party and gaining the support of the left wing and so the majority of support in the central committee.

Question 43

internal passports

Answer 43

introduced in 1932 to control the movement of people and prevent them moving from town to town searching better jobs

Question 44

dekulakisation

Answer 44

Stalin’s order to take tools and farms from rich peasants
- mass deportation and killing followed