TERMS - People

Question 1

P. Canidius

Answer 1

Leads Antony’s infantry in the battle of Actium. End up defecting to Caesar (Octavian) after Antony deserts them to follow Cleopatra.

Question 2

Livia Drusella

Answer 2

Woman who Caesar (Octavian) falls in love with - his great scandal
Wife of T. Claudius Nero, while still pregnant with Nero’s child (Drusus),gets divorced and married to Octavian. Octavian is was also married and with pregnant wife.

Question 3

M. Vipsanius Agrippa

Answer 3

Greatest general of the time (despite Antony as popular consent). Childhood friend with Octavian. In charge of Caesars (Octavians) fleets in the build up to Actium. Seizes Patrae and Corinth

Question 4

Octavia

Answer 4

Octavians sister, Antony’s third wife. Bears Antony two children - Antonia the elder (39) and Antonia the younger (36).
Helped kept things civil between Antony and her brother in the early years.
Antony divorces her to harm his relationship with Caesar.

Question 5

Gaius Octavius

Answer 5

Born 63 BC (Octavian, Augustus, Caesar). 18 years old at the time of Juilius Caesars assassination. Expected to die because he was frail and sickly. Becomes C. Juilius Caesar Octavianus, fashions himself as Caesars son.

Question 6

Sextus Pompey

Answer 6

Controls sea during Octavians early reign days and stops grain supply, causing scarcity in Italy. War against Octavian 38-36 loses (winning commanders: Agrippa at sea and Lepidus on land)

Question 7

C. Trebonius

Answer 7

Consul 45 BC. Assassin of Julius Caesar, but not prosecuted, under Mark Antony’s word.

Question 8

C. Cassius Longinus

Answer 8

Praetor 44 BC. Assassin of Julius Caesar, but not prosecuted, under Mark Antony’s word.

Question 9

D. Iunius Brutus

Answer 9

Coz. Desig. 42BC. Assassin of Julius Caesar, but not prosecuted, under Mark Antony’s word.

Question 10

M. Aemilius Lepidus

Answer 10

Consul 47 BC. Gained triumph before Caesar. One of the Triumvirates

Question 11

Dollabella

Answer 11

Tribune of the Plebs 47 BC. At loggerheads with Antony (mag. Eq. = master of the horse) by the time Caesar returns from Egypt.

Question 12

Caesarian

Answer 12

Son of Cleopatra 7 and Julius Caesar. Caesar never acknowledges. After Ptolemy 14 poisoned he becomes joint ruler with his mother.

Question 13

Ptolemy 14

Answer 13

Rules Cyprus with sister Arsinoe after Cleopatra and Ptolemy 13 are back on the throne together. After Arsinoe is exiled, he marries Cleopatra after Ptolemy 13 drowns. Is eventually poisoned by Cleopatra.

Question 14

Julius Caesar

Answer 14

Comes to Egypt without the king and queen being there. Occupies the palace and hands Egypt a bill for 17,500, 000 denarii ( agrees to lump sum of 10,000,000). Stuck in Egypt for the winter. Summons the king and queen to Alexandria and settles Egyptian affairs. Love affair with Cleopatra 7 starts at this point. Returns to Italy in 47 BC
47BC - dictator for several months
46BC - named dictator for ten years; consul with m. Aemilius Lepidus (who is also mag.eq.)
45BC - holds consulship alone (first since Pompey)
44BC - converted to dictator for life (dictator perpetuus); consul with Antony
assassinated on March 15 44 BC in the senate by members of the senate.

Question 15

Ptolemy 13

Answer 15

Aged 11 at the time of his reign. Betrothed and then married to sister Cleopatra 7 (18 years), co-reign. Pushed aside in 51BC, gains throne as sole ruler in 50 BC. Drowns in river in 48 BC.

Question 16

P. Cornelian Lentulus Sura

Answer 16

Mark Antony’s step father. Married to Julia (Antony’s mother) after his dad died. Adored by Antony, but the feeling was not mutual.
Consul in 71 BC. Expelled from senate in 70 BC. Praetor in 63 BC. Executed in 63 BC during the Catilinarian conspiracy

Question 17

Caius Antonius

Answer 17

Mark Antony’s uncle. Consul in 63 BC. Sordid and unattractive ( like father, like son). Embezzled money and was tried from extortion in 70 BC.

Question 18

C. Rabirius Postumus

Answer 18

Installed as Ptolemy 12 treasurer, initiating aggressive repayment measures. He reformed the Egyptian treasury. Driven out of Egypt, Cicero claims he was temporarily imprisoned. May have been prosecuted for provincial extortion after receiving a portion of Gabinius’ il gotten gains

Question 19

Aulus Gabinus

Answer 19

Restores Ptolemy 12 to the throne with an army in exchange for 10,000 talents (240,000,000 sesterces) installs roman soldiers in Alexandria as a guard for Ptolemy. Prosecuted in 53 BC. He had to trials, one for treason, and the second for provincial extortion, he was acquitted of the first change, but condemned on the second.

Question 20

Dio

Answer 20

Philosopher. Assaulted while travelling the Appain way. Murdered in Rome by M. Caelius Rufus.

Question 21

Ariobarzanes 1

Answer 21

Favoured by Pompey. Took out loans from Pompey with an interest of 400 talents (59,000,000 sesterces) a year. Restored to Cappadocia in 88 by Manius Aquillius in 88.

Question 22

M. Porcius Cato

Answer 22

“Younger Cato”

Question 23

M. Crassus

Answer 23

Consul 65 BC. Advocates annexing Egypt.

Question 24

Pompey the Great

Answer 24

Commands the pirate wars in 69 BC and the third Mithridatic War (67-62BC). Restores Ptolemy 12 in one of his villas. Assassinated in 48BC by Achillas and a leader of the Gabiniani. His head was cut off and pickled to claim it had ended the civil war. Between Ptolemy 13 and Cleopatra 7

Question 25

Ptolemy 12 Theos Philopater ( philadelphus Neos Dionysus - Auletes)

Answer 25

Reigned from 80 -58 BC and 55-51 BC. Married sister Cleopatra 6 Tryphaena - producing Berenice 9. And the married an unknown woman, producing Cleopatra 7, Ptolemy 13, 14, Arsinoe 4. Ejected from Alexandria in 58 BC. Bribes roman aristocracy Tom restore him with 6,000 talents (144,000,000 sesterces) in 59, some of this borrowed from roman financiers. Is restored by Aulus Gabinius with an army. Puts his daughter, Berenice 4 , to death - leaves Cleopatra 7 as only option. Dies in 51 BC.

Question 26

Ptolemy 1 soter

Answer 26

367/6-282 BC. Macedonian. One of the Diodochs/ Alexander’s 5 generals. No interest in being a Macedonian king. Modelled himself fromAlexander. Stole Alexander’s body from Macedonia and brought to Egypt. Re wrote Alexander the greats history, in which Plutarch plagiarised.

Question 27

Cambyses 2

Answer 27

Conquered Egypt in 525 BC, turning it into part of the Persian empire. This meant the Persian king becameharoah, however Egyptian culture remained the same - this pattern remains the same when Alexander comes, and Ptolemy 1. It was a non-intrusive empire.

Question 28

Cicero

Answer 28

Member of the senate and rival of Antony’s. Wrote the first the second Philippics insulting Antony. Was on the top of the proscription put out by the second triumvirate. His head and hands were cut off and nailed to the forum. Fulvia stabbed his tongue with cloning pins.

Question 29

Fulvia

Answer 29

Wife of P. Clodius Pulcher then Curio and then Antony. Had an affair with Antony during her marriage to Pulcher

Question 30

C. Scibonius Curio

Answer 30

Tribune of plebs in 50 BC. In cicero’s second philippic, it is said that curio and Antony had a torrid affair ( Antony apparently broke into his house)

Question 31

M. Antonius

Answer 31

Born 83 BC. Consul in 99 BC. grandfather of Mark Antony. Corrupted Vestal Virgin and was aquitted in 113. Later executed by G. Marius

Question 32

M. Iunius Brutus

Answer 32

Praetor 44 BC. Famous assassin of Caesar, but not prosecuted under Mark Antony’s word.

Question 33

Sextus Propertius

Answer 33

Wrote elegiac poetry about the experiences of a lover, who is overpowered by his mistress, similar to servitude.
Reflects on Cleopatra and Antony’s relationship.

Question 34

Mark Antony

Answer 34

Triumvir.
Wives - Antonia, Fulvia, Octavia (divorce Octavia in 32)
Meets Cleopatra 41 BC
Battle Actium - 31 BC
Triumvirate - Lepidus, Antony, Octavian in 43 BC