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Functional Anatomy > Terms of Relationship & Comparison > Flashcards

Terms of Relationship & Comparison Flashcards

1
Q

(Cranial, Cephalic) toward the head

A

Superior

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2
Q

(Caudal) toward the feet. “The naval is inferior to the nose.”

A

Inferior

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3
Q

(Ventral) toward the front of the body.

A

Anterior

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4
Q

(Dorsal) toward the back of the body

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Toward the midline of the body

A

Medial

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6
Q

Away from the midline of the body

A

Lateral

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7
Q

(Central) where the appendage joins the body

A

Proximal

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8
Q

(Peripheral) where the appendage joins the body

A

Distal

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9
Q

(External) near the outer surface of the organism

A

Superficial

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10
Q

(Internal, Profound) near the inner surface of an organism

A

Deep

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11
Q

Between two other structures.

A

Intermediate

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12
Q

Associated with the organs within the body’s cavities

A

Visceral

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13
Q

Pertaining to the wall of the body cavity

A

Parietal

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14
Q

Lying on the stomach, face down

A

Prone

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15
Q

Lying on the back, face up

A

Supine

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16
Q

Lying on one side

A

Side-Lying

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17
Q

Of or referring to the dorsum (top) surface of the foot, or the back of the body

A

Dorsal

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18
Q

Of or referring to the sole of the foot

A

Plantar

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19
Q

Of or referring to the palm of the hand

A

Palmar

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20
Q

Using only one side of the body, limb or muscle

A

Unilateral

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21
Q

Using both sides of the body, both limbs or both sides of the muscle

A

Bilateral

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22
Q

On the same side as another structure

A

Ipsilateral

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23
Q

Inversely related or opposite movement

A

Reciprocal

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24
Q

Movement or muscular contraction coordinated with the opposite side

A

Contralateral

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25
Q

Decreasing the angle between two body parts

A

Flexion

26
Q

Increasing the angle between two body parts

A

Extension

27
Q

Beyond normal extension

A

Hyperextension

28
Q

Sideways bending of the head, neck or trunk

A

Lateral Flexion

29
Q

Rotation of the spine around a central axis

A

Rotation

30
Q

Movement of the dorsal surface of the foot toward the leg, decreasing the angle of the joint

A

Dorsiflexion

31
Q

Movement of the plantar surface of the foot away from the leg, increasing the angle of the joint

A

Plantar Flexion

32
Q

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

33
Q

Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

A

Adduction

34
Q

The radius and ulna lie parallel to one another, palm faces forward

A

Supination

35
Q

The radius crosses over the ulna, palm turning the palm back

A

Pronation

36
Q

The medial border of the foot lifts and the sole of the foot faces in toward the midline.
(Note: Inversion is often interchanged with supination. Supination is a dynamic movement and is a combination of plantar flexion, inversion of the tarsals and forefoot adduction)

A

Inversion

37
Q

The lateral aspect of the foot lifts and the sole of the foot faces away from the midline (Note: eversion is often interchanged with pronation. Pronation is a dynamic movement, and is a combination of dorsiflexion, eversion and forefoot abduction

A

Eversion

38
Q

From a 90 degree abducted arm position, the arm moves in toward the midline of the body

A

Horizontal Adduction / Flexion

39
Q

From a 90 degree flexed arm position, the arm moves out away from the midline of the body

A

Horizontal Abduction / Extension

40
Q

Rotation of a limb away from the center of the body

A

Lateral (External) Rotation

41
Q

Rotation of a limb toward the center of the body

A

Medial (Internal) Rotation

42
Q

A circular movement that results from a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and medial and lateral rotation. It occurs only at the shoulder and hip joints

A

Circumduction

43
Q

Gliding movement of the scapula toward the vertebral column

A

Adduction of Scapula

44
Q

Gliding movement of the scapula away from the vertebral column

A

Abduction of Scapula

45
Q

Gliding movement of the scapula cranially as in “shrugging the shoulders”

A

Elevation of Scapula

46
Q

Gliding movement of the scapula caudally

A

Depression of Scapula

47
Q

Movement in which the inferior angle moves laterally, and the glenoid fossa moves superiorly

A

Upward Rotation of Scapula

48
Q

Movement in which the inferior angle moves medially, and the glenoid fossa moves inferiorly

A

Downward Rotation of Scapula

49
Q

Combination of movements which includes abduction and the scapula moving anteriorly on rib cage

A

Protraction of Scapula

50
Q

Combination of movements which includes adduction and the scapula moving posteriorly on the rib cage

A

Retraction of Scapula

51
Q

One bony surface glides on another without angular or rotary movement (a type of joint movement)

A

Gliding

52
Q

Occurs only between long bones, increasing the angle between the bones (a type of joint movement)

A

Angular

53
Q

A bone moves about a central axis without moving from this axis. (a type of joint movement)

A

Rotation

54
Q

Plane that is parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull. Runs from the front to the back and divides the body into right and left halves
Flexions and Extensions generally occur in this plane

A

Sagittal (aka Median) Plane

55
Q

Plane that is parallel to the coronal suture of the skull. Runs from side to side and divides the body into front (anterior or ventral) and back (posterior or dorsal) portions
Abduction and Adduction generally occur in this plane

A

Coronal (aka Frontal) Plane

56
Q

Plane that divides the body into upper (cranial) and lower (caudal) portions
Rotation occurs in this plane

A

Transverse (aka Horizontal or Axial) Plane

57
Q

Lines, real or imaginary about which movement takes place

A

Axis

58
Q

Line that lies in the sagittal plane and extends horizontally front to back

A

Transverse or Sagittal Axis

59
Q

Line that lies in the coronal plane and extends horizontally from side to side

A

Anterioposterior or Coronal Axis

60
Q

Vertical line extending in a cranial - caudal direction

A

Longitudinal Axis

Functional Anatomy (2 decks)

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