Terms & Misc. Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Stress

A

A response to an overwhelming and demanding situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stressors

A

Events that trigger stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stimulus View of Stress

A

Focus on situations that cause stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Response View of Stress

A

Focus on physiological changes that occur when someone encounters a challenging situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Relational View of Stress

A

Defines stress as a particular relationship between people and situations in which they find themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe (1960)

A

Developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) that quantified stress in terms of major life changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is it hard to measure life events and hassles that cause stress?

A

Not all people react to situations in the same way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lazarus and Folkman (1984)

A

Appraisals & Dealing with Coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

Quick assessment of the meaning of an event for the person. (Determines whether a emotional response will occur).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

Accessing resources available for us to cope with stress. (What do we do, how do we resolve the problem?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two main systems in our body that are involved in stress?

A

The Autonomic Nervous System and the Endocrine System cause physiological changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Neuroendocrine System

A

Hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three key structures in the regulation of stress responses?

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The adrenal gland release…

A

Catecholamines and glucocorticoids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Catecholamines

A

Function as hormones and as neurotransmitters to control ANS activation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Hormones that maintain activation of physiological systems during emergencies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two major neuroendocrine pathways?

A

Adrenal-Medullary System, and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adrenal-Madullary System

A

Major pathway stimulated during stress - hypothalamus activates sympathetic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter that activates the sympathetic response to stress, increasing heart rate, rate of respiration, and blood pressure in support of rapid action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

A

A major pathway relevant to the stress response involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During emotional arousal and stress, the hypothalamus releases a substance called…

A

Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

____ stimulates ____ which stimulates ____.

A

CRF - ACTH - Cortex of the Adrenal Gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cortisol

A

The “stress hormone” produced by the body to make sure the body gets enough fuel during stress and arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Cortisol do?

A

Breakdown complex molecules, ensuring glucose is available for the bloodstream, regulates immune system by reducing immune cells in bloodstream, which may make it susceptible to infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hans Selye

A

Proposed the General Adaptation Syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

A general, nonspecific set of changes in the body that occur during extreme stress. Has 3 Stages; Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Alarm Stage (GAS)

A

Phase where all body’s resources respond to a threat.

28
Q

Resistance Stage (GAS)

A

Extended effort by the body to deal with a threat.

29
Q

Exhaustion Stage (GAS)

A

All resources for fighting a threat have been depleted and illness is likely.

30
Q

Mason’s Objection to GAS

A

If you prepare for anticipated stress you are less likely to show severe physiological responses.

31
Q

Allostasis

A

A response/adaptation to stress where the body achieves stability through physiological changes.

32
Q

What happens to the hippocampus when cortisol interacts with it?

A

The dendrites shrink and we may have trouble with memory, learning, and memory formation.

33
Q

Coping

A

Act of dealing with stress or emotions.

34
Q

Problem-Focused Coping

A

Aims to change the situation causing stress

35
Q

Emotion-Focused Coping

A

Aims to regulate the experience of distress.

36
Q

Reappraisal

A

Reevaluation of a situation in new light.

37
Q

Escape-Avoidance

A

wishful thinking or doing something to get your mind off a situation.

38
Q

Seeking Social Support

A

Talking with friends for emotional support.

39
Q

Self-Control

A

Trying to regulate feelings/actions regarding the problem.

40
Q

Accepting Responsibility

A

Acknowledging your role in the stressful situation.

41
Q

James Pennebaker

A

Emotional Disclosure

42
Q

Emotional Disclosure

A

Letting it all out - writing or talking about the situation.

43
Q

Social Support

A

Way of coping that combines problem and emotion-focused coping.

44
Q

Direct Effects Hypothesis

A

Says social support is beneficial to mental and physical health whether or not someone is under stress.

45
Q

Buffering Hypothesis

A

Says social support works as a buffer only under certain conditions.

46
Q

Social Network

A

A cluster of related people - web of friends.

47
Q

Optimists

A

Emphasize positivity: glass half full - view things as challenging.

48
Q

Pessimists

A

Emphasize negative: glass half empty - more depressed, view things as a threat.

49
Q

Resilience

A

Personality trait means being more flexible and bouncing back from difficult situations.

50
Q

Telomerase

A

an enzyme that adds DNA sequences to telomeres - decreases with age.

51
Q

Psychosomatic Theory

A

Idea that emotional factors can lead to the occurrence or worsening of an illness.

52
Q

Health Psychology

A

Study of the role of psychological factors in regard to health and illness, includes onset, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

53
Q

Physiological Reactivity Model

A

Explains the casual role of stress-related body changes in illness.

54
Q

Health Behavior Approach

A

Explanation for illness - focuses on role of behaviors (diet, exercise, substance abuse..)

55
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

The heart, blood, and blood vessels.

56
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign substance that triggers an immune response.

57
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology (PHI)

A

Science of how psychological factors relate to changes in the immune system.

58
Q

Specific Immunity

A

Defends against specific threats, operates with B and T cells, provides rapid response.

59
Q

Non-Specific Immunity

A

General defense, operates with macrophages and natural killer cells, works slowly against unknown threats.

60
Q

Natural Immunity

A

First response to antigens

61
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

Immunity provided by antibodies produced in body to specific antigens.

62
Q

Phagocytosis

A

White blood cell engulfs a substance and moves it to a place where it’s destroyed.

63
Q

Inflammation

A

When tissues are restored following injury.

64
Q

Natural Immunity=______ Acquired Immunity=______

A

Non-Specific - Specific.

65
Q

Cellular Immunity

A

When the T cells fight antigens.