terms from arts, sciences and social sciences

Question 1

de facto

Answer 1

in fact, whether by right or not
exercising power without being legally established
latin: from the fact

Question 2

deviant

Answer 2

a person whose behavior differs from the accepted standards of society

Question 3

hypothesized

Answer 3

form a hypothesis, that is a proposition put forward as a starting point for further investigation

Question 4

adaptive

Answer 4

relating to adaptation, an alteration in structure or habits by which a species improves its condition in relationship to its environment

Question 5

herbivorous

Answer 5

feeding mainly on plants

Question 6

free market

Answer 6

an economic market in which the demand and supply of goods and services is either not regulated or slightly regulated

Question 7

planned economy

command economy

Answer 7

an economic system in which the production, allocation and consumption of goods and services is planned in advance

Question 8

capitalism

Answer 8

an economic and political system in which a country’s industry and trade are controlled by private owners rather than the government

Question 9

geophysicist

Answer 9

one who specializes in the physics of the earth and its environment

Question 10

igneous

Answer 10

in geology, relating to the formation of rocks by solidification from a molten state
from latin ignis (fire)

Question 11

monopolistic

Answer 11

having exclusive control over a commercial activity

Question 12

Gothic

Answer 12

a style of architecture that was very popular in the late Middle Ages characterized by such features as pointed arches, soaring spaces, and light;
in literature the term refers to a genre of fiction that was popular in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. such novels have an atmosphere of gloom, mystery, and horror.

Question 13

alchemy

Answer 13

Modern scientists believe alchemy was not a true science since there’s no evidence that anyone succeeded in turning a base metal into gold. Interestingly, however, the word for modern science of “chemistry” is derived directly from the word above.

Question 14

bourgeoisie

Answer 14

the social order dominated by the property-owning class. the term is associated with Marxism, the politicL and economic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but today it is often used disparagingly to suggest materialism or philistinism (an unenlightened and smug attitude toward culture).

Question 15

lobby

Answer 15

a group whose members share certain goals and work to bring about a passage, modification, or defeat of laws that affect these goals

Question 16

clockwork universe

Answer 16

a theory of the origin of the universe that compares the universe to a mechanical clock created by God. according to this theory, once created, the universe continues to run according to the laws of nature and does not require further Divine intervention. this idea was very popular in the Enlightenment, an eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to examine accepted beliefs and traditions.

Question 17

Mahayana Buddhist

Answer 17

one of the three major traditions of Buddhism. it regards the historical Buddha as a manifestation of the celestial Buddha.