Terms For Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Continuous variation

A

Wide range of characteristics varying between two extremes
-Polygenic: lots of genes work together
-Line graph or histogram

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2
Q

Discrete variation

A

Small number of distinct groups
-Single gene inheritance
-Bar graph

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3
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cell

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4
Q

Gene

A

-Control certain characteristics
-Small sections of DNA which code for proteins

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5
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of the same gene for a particular characteristic

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6
Q

Genotypes

A

The genes inherited by an organism for a particular characteristic

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7
Q

Phenotypes

A

The physical appearance of a characteristic

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8
Q

Dominant

A

An allele that is always expressed (masks recessive alleles)

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9
Q

Recessive

A

Need 2 recessive alleles to be expressed (masked by dominant alleles)

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10
Q

True breeding

A

A homozygous organism/individual so they can only pass on one type of allele for a particular characteristic

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

An organism that has two alleles that are the same

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12
Q

Heterozygous

A

An organism that has two alleles that are different

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13
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

A cross involving 1 charactericstic
-two true breeding individuals are mated together
-All the F1 are heterozygous for the gene

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14
Q

Variation

A

All the differences that exist between members of the same species

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15
Q

Why may predicted rations not be achieved?

A

-fusion of gametes (fertilisation) is a random process involving an element of chance

-the sample size, ie number of offspring produced, is often too small

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