terms for exam 2

Question 1

incomplete penetrance

Answer 1

individuals with a specific genotype do not express the expected phenotype—-polydactyly is an example

Question 2

allopolyploidy

Answer 2

chromosomal composition of modern bread wheat and chromosomal sets are derived from different species

Question 3

concordance

Answer 3

correlation of phenotypic values of twin pair

Question 4

variable expressivity

Answer 4

individuals with a specific genotype display different severities of the expected phenotype

Question 5

results of nondisjunction of one chromosome in meiosis 2 of spermatogenesis

Answer 5

50% of gametes are normal

Question 6

outbreeding

Answer 6

negative assortative mating

Question 7

2n+1

Answer 7

trisomic

Question 8

-somy

Answer 8

one chromosome affected

Question 9

-ploidy

Answer 9

ALL chromosomes affected

Question 10

disease that is autosomal recessive

Answer 10

albinism

Question 11

disease that is autosomal dominant

Answer 11

achondroplasia and osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 12

disease that is x-linked recessive

Answer 12

hemophilia and color blindness

Question 13

disease that is x-linked dominant

Answer 13

x-linked vitamin D-resistant rickets

Question 14

disease that is holandric (y-linked)

Answer 14

hairy ears

Question 15

disease that is cytoplasmic inheritance

Answer 15

heteroplasmy

Question 16

penetrance

Answer 16

proportion of individuals with a genotype who express the expected phenotype

Question 17

what does inbreeding result in?

Answer 17

1. decrease in heterozygote frequency, 2. increased probability of alleles being identical by descent, 3. an increased risk of genetic diseases

Question 18

tetrasomy

Answer 18

2n+2

Question 19

triploidy

Answer 19

3n

Question 20

monosomy

Answer 20

2n-1

Question 21

inbreeding

Answer 21

positive assortative mating