Terms for AP Flashcards
Extending a metaphor through an entire narrative
Allegory
Talking to or addressing an inanimate object
apostrophe
A heavy exaggeration
hyperbole
The opposite of what you would think
irony
Comparison between two unlike things without using like or as
metaphor
when a word that means something that is whole is used to represent a group or person. “The white house issued a statement”
metonymy
The use of words that imitate sounds
onomatopoeia
two words connected that contradict each other
oxymoron
human qualities assigned to non-living things
personification
A play on words
pun
question not meant to be answered, but pondered
rhetorical question
trope in which a part stands for a whole or vice versa. “All hands on deck!”
synecdoche
artful diction
tropes
repetition of an initial consonant sound
alliteration
when the same word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of successive sentences
anaphora
parallel structure, second half is in reverse order
antimetabole
balanced parallel construction with opposing ideas
antithesis
No conjunctions
asyndeton
identical constructions in corresponding phrases or clauses
parallelism
multiple coordinating conjunctions
polysyndeton
One word has multiple meanings in one use (can be literal and figurative)
Zeugma
Artful syntax
Schemes
The noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to
antecedent
The placement side-by-side of two coordinate elements- the second renames the first
appositive
A group of words that can stand alone
clause
two independent clauses joined by a coordinator
compound sentence
independent clause with one or more dependent clauses
complex sentence
a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
compound-complex sentence
combines short independent clauses into a sentence
coordination
An independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions
cumulative sentence
sentence in the form of a statement
declarative sentence
cannot stand alone, makes no sense
fragment
sentence that encourages people to do something, persuades
hortatory/hortative
reversal of normal word order
inversion
sentence that asks a direct question
interrogative sentence
also called a cumulative sentence
loose sentence
a long sentence where the main idea comes at the end next to the period
periodic sentence
adjective that modifies the subject
predicate adjective
a noun following a linking verb that restates the subject
predicate nominative
the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb
subject complement
contains a subject and a verb, but cannot stand alone
subordinate clause
a brief reference to a person, place, or event
allusion
when one thing is explained by comparing it to something else
analogy
a brief statement of a principle that means a wise observation about life
aphorism
the use of words that are old fashioned
archaic diction
a description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others.
caricature
an informal expression that is more often used in casual conversation
colloquialism
an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem
conceit
an idea that a word carries
connotation
dictionary definition of a word
denotation
when an explicit word takes the place of an inexplicit word
euphemism
putting two unlike things next to each other
juxtaposition
a satirical imitation of a serious piece of writing
parody
text that uses irony to criticize someone’s stupidity
satire
comparison of two things using like or as
simile
something used to represent something else
symbol
emotion the author conveys through word choice
tone
contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected
understatement
credibility
ethos
logic
logos
emotional appeal
pathos
incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or more generally, a lack of soundness.
fallacy
