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Music Hist 316 > Terms Final > Flashcards

Terms Final Flashcards

1
Q

Heiligenstadt Testament

A

Letter to Beethoven’s brothers, never delivered.
Content is about Beethoven going deaf - worried about musical and social consequences.
Contemplated suicide.

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2
Q

Conversation Books

A

Ways that Beethoven communicated - 60 existing.

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3
Q

Beethoven

A

(1770-1827)
Born in Bonn, moved to Vienna to study with Haydn.
Made Money: Composed, taught, performed, and was given a salary by aristocrats.
Music: Explosive, dynamic, long.
Early period - pathetique; classical (ish)
Middle - 3rd; innovative
Late - 9th; extremely experimental

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4
Q

Romanticism

A

1820-1900
A time of emotional expression - expansive ranges in orchestras for pitch and dynamics, national and historical roots emphasized, nature and old composers explored.

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5
Q

Three main performance venues:

A

Concert Hall - many cities established professional orchestras.
Salon (Drawing room.)
Family parlor/living room.

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6
Q

Choral Fantasy

A

An example of Beethoven’s Choral pieces

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7
Q

Schubert

A

(1797-1828)
Started composing around 12 - wrote an insane number of works, including over 600 Lieder. Was originally a teacher at his father’s school.
His music had expressive melodies, lots of thirds, and major - parallel minor transitions.

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8
Q

Schubertiade

A

A small concert centered around the music of Schubert - could contain leider, chamber music, piano, or solo performances.

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9
Q

Leider

A

A song for voice and piano

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10
Q

Strophic Form

A

A form of Leid where every stanza uses the same music,

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11
Q

Modified Strophic Form

A

A form of Leid where all stanzas use same music except for one (or more) stanzas.

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12
Q

Through Composed Form

A

No predetermined structure - form aligned to music.

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13
Q

Ballad

A

A narrative poem with stanzas and a dramatic climax

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14
Q

Goethe

A

A ballad based on the old Danish folk tale about the elf king. Depicts a child being carried by his father imagining an elf king, but the elf king is really behind them.

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15
Q

Character Piece

A

A character piece is a short piece, usually for piano, that sets a mood or expresses a character.

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16
Q

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

A

The orchestra Mendelssohn conducted

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17
Q

Concert overture

A

One movement piece for orchestra associated with a specific story or scene.

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18
Q

Fanny Meldessohn

A

(1805-1847)

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19
Q

Felix Mendelssohn

A

(1809-1847)

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20
Q

Hector Berlioz

A

(1803-1869)
Born to a doctor, Berlioz was able to become well-read in a way that influenced his passion and ultimately shaped a lot of his composing.

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21
Q

Hanz Schubert

A

(1797-1828)

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22
Q

Idee Fixe (Fixed Idea)

A

Musical statement associated with a character, object, or idea; recurs throughout a work.

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23
Q

Robert Schumann

A

(1810-1856)
Studied with Friedrich Wieck; injured himself.
Taught at Leipzig Conservatory
Attempted suicide in 1854 before getting admitted to a mental health ward and then dying.

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24
Q

New Music Journal

A

A journal full of music criticism by Robert Schumann

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25
Q

Clara Wieck Schumann

A

Wife of Robert Schuman and daughter of Friedric Wieck
A virtuoso pianist, mother of 8, and talented composer.

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26
Q

Frederic Chopin

A

(1810-1849)
Touring Virtuoso, eventually settled in Paris to teach/perform in salons.
Mostly performed his own compositions - all works involved piano.

27
Q

Nocturne

A

A genre of character piece that evokes the night

28
Q

Niccolò Paganini

A

(1782-1840)
The greatest violinist of the 19thc.
Wrote virtuosic music that involved multiple stops, fast runs, and very high notes. Also used harmonics and leaps. Left hand pizzicato.

29
Q

Lisztomania

A

Liszt caused such frenzy in his audience that they came up with a term for it.

30
Q

Nationalism

A

Taking pride over a nation - valuing language, clothing, and styles of music

31
Q

Virtuosity

A

An increase in difficult, showing playing in the 19thc; difficult concertos became more popular as a result.

32
Q

Prosper Mérimée

A
33
Q

Giocomo Meyerbeer

A

Jewish Heritage - to Germany - France
A Grand Opera composer
Wrote the Hugenots

34
Q

French Grand Opera

A

A style of opera in 19th-C France.
5 acts, massive cast, huge chorus, ect.
Spectacle and dance involved.
Performed at the Opera

35
Q

Chopin

A
36
Q

Lizst

A

1811-1886
Created the modern day recital
Would perform; improvisations, his own music, and other works.
Greatest virtuoso of his time.
Was influenced by Paganini

37
Q

Symphonic Poems

A

One movement piece of orchestra that tells a story

38
Q

Totentanz

A

Theme and variations for piano and orchestra on the Dies Irae

39
Q

Opera Comique

A

A type of French Opera with spoken dialogue; like Carmen.
Performed in the Opera Comique - family friendly reputation.

40
Q

Georges Bizet

A

1838-1875

41
Q

Impressario

A

Administrative side of Opera: runs the opera house

42
Q

Gioachino Rossini

A

(1792-1868)
Greatest composer of Italian opera.

43
Q

Bel Canto

A

A style of singing requiring:
1) Long expressive lines
2) perfect legato throughout range
3) light tone in high registers
4) effortless coloratura

44
Q

Rossini Crescendo

A

Repetition of ever-shorter phrases.
Thicker orchestration.
Faster harmonic motion.

45
Q

Guiseppe Verdi

A

(1813-1901)
In the 1850 was the most well-known opera composer.
Was a voice of patriotism and a politician in Italy.

46
Q

Risorgimento

A

Italian movement for independence and unification. After the Napoleonic wars, wanted independence from Austria and a national identity.

47
Q

Carl Maria von Weber

A

Early 19thC.
He grew up in a theater family, travelled, composed his first opera at 13, and directed his first opera at 18.
Spearheaded great, German operas - German Romantic Opera.

48
Q

Richard Wagner

A

(1813-1883)
Kind of like Gluck by innovating a new kind of opera - the music drama.
Supported by Mad King Ludwig

49
Q

German Romantic Opera

A
50
Q

Music Drama.

A

An opera where all art forms are emphasized - inspired by Beethoven.
1: Expanded role of orchestra.
2: Leitmotifs
3: Singing style - less.
4: Continuity between sections. Arioso singing. “Endless Melody”
5: German elements

51
Q

Melodrama

A

Speaking with music in the background.

52
Q

Artwork of the Future

A

Art forms should work together to meet their full potential to tell a story.

53
Q

Leitmotif

A

Music motive or idea that is associated with a character, object, or idea.

54
Q

War of the Romantics

A

Pro-Program - music needs to be tied to a story.
New German School; Wagner, Liszt, Berlioz.
Pro-Absolute - More creative if you aren’t telling a story; Brahms, Schumann, Mendelssohn.

55
Q

Johannes Brahms

A

(1833-1897)
Mainly studied piano.
In 1853 he accompanied a Hungarian violinist, met Joachim, and the Schumann’s.
Grounded in tradition.

56
Q

Antonin Dvorak

A

A nationalist Czech composer. Professor at a conservatory in Prague until he moved to NY to teach at the National Conservatory of Music.

57
Q

Mikhail Glinka

A

Father of Russian opera in 1st half of 19th-C.

58
Q

Russian Opera

A

Opera was mainly italian or italian inspired at first, with a few true Russian operas by Glinka.

59
Q

Anton Rubinstein

A

Wanted to cultivate a classical Russian culture - founder of Russian Musical Society. Founded St. Petersburg Conservatory, and Maryinsky Theatre built to perform Russian operas and ballet.

60
Q

Mighty Five (or Handful)

A

Wanted to avoid western musical influences and develop truly Russian music - used Russian elements in their compositions.
Balakirev - leader.
Mussorgsky
Cui
Borodin
Rimsky-Korsakov

61
Q

Free Music School

A

Founded by Balakirev - an experimental, but also Russian, conservatory as a rival to St. Petersburg.

62
Q

Rimsky-Korsakov

A

The orchestrator of the Mighty Five - originally worked in the Navy, and then inspected Navy bands, before becoming a composition professor (at St. Petersburg.)

63
Q

Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky

A

Integrated western and Russian elements into his compositions. Spear-headed ballet genre.
Died tragically - potentially by force or choir because of his sexuality.

64
Q
A

Music Hist 316 (4 decks)

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