Terms & Conditions Flashcards
acrodermatitis
inflammation of the skin in the extremities
allogenic
pertaining to originating from a different origin, as in a transplant of tissue from a matching donor but not of the individual (recipient)
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
analgesia
insensibility to pain (without loss of consciousness)
anaplasia
a change in the structure/organization of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and a reversion to a more primitive form
ankylosing spondylitis
a type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
aplasia
a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
arthodesis
the surgical fusion of a joint
arthralgia
pain in the joints; a symptom present in many joint diseases
ataxia
without muscular coordination
ataxia
without muscular coordination
atrophy
wasting away; literally “without development”
bone marrow aspiration
the process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of examining the specimen under a microscope
bone scan
the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue. After approximately 3 hours, the skeleton is scanned with a gamma camera (scanner) moving from one end of the body to the other. The scanner detects the areas of radioactive concentration (areas where the bone absorbs the isotope) and converts the radioactive image to a screen on which the concentrations show up as pinpoint dots cast in the image of a skeleton
bradykinesia
abnormally slow movement
bradykinesia
abnormally slow movement
cardialgia
pain in the heart
cardioarterial
pertaining to the heart and arteries
cardiocentesis
surgical puncture of the heart
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
carditis
inflammation of the heart
cephalalgia
pain in the head
cephalodynia
pain in the head
contract/contraction
a reduction in size, especially of muscle fibers
contracture
an abnormal (usually permanent) bending of a joint into a fixed position; usually caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers
costochondritis
inflammation of the rib cartilage of the anterior chest wall; characterized by pain and tenderness in the area
dermatoplasty
skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease
dermatosis
condition of the skin
dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
a noninvasive procedure that measures bone density. In the DEXA procedure, an X-ray machine generates the energy photons that pass through the bones. A computer then evaluates the amount of radiation absorbed by the bones, and the findings are interpreted by a physician
dyskinesia
a condition in which there is impairment of voluntary movement; “bad” or difficult movement
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
dysplasia
any abnormal development of cells, tissues or organs (“disordered formation”)
electrodesiccation
a technique using an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions
endocardium
within the heart, the inner lining of the heart
epicondylitis
painful inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow; also known as tennis elbow
Ewing’s sarcoma
a malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults, particularly adolescent boys
fibromyalgia
a chronic condition that is characterized by widespread muscle pain throughout much of the body, muscle spasms, fatigue, and muscle stiffness; the pain may begin gradually or have a sudden onset; the condition affects women more than men
gastralgia
pain in the stomach
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
gastronomy
creating a new opening into the stomach
hematopoisis
the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone
hemiparesis
slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body (i.e. left or right)
hemiplegia
paralysis of one half of the body (i.e. left or right)
herniated nucleus pulposus
occurs when the soft center of a spinal disc pushed through a crack in the tougher exterior casing; also called a herniated disc
hyperhidrosis
condition of excessive sweating
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells of a body part (“excessive formation”)
hypodermic
of or relating to parts beneath the skin
hysterosalpingectomy
removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes
intracardiac
pertaining to within the heart (to the interior of the heart chambers)
kyphosis
humpback
leukocytopenia
low white blood cell count
lordosis
a forward curvature of the spine, noticeable if the person is observed from the side
malabsorption
impaired absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract
myocele
herniation of muscle through the fascia surrounding it
myoparesis
slight or partial paralysis of a muscle
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and throat
osteochondroma
the most common benign bone tumor. The femur and the tibia are most frequently involved
osteogenic sarcoma
a malignant tumor arising from bone; also known as osteosarcoma, it is the most common malignant bone tumor, with common sites being the distal femur (just above the knee) the proximal tibia (just below the knee) and the proximal humerus (just below the shoulder joint)
osteomalacia
a disease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood (which is necessary for bone mineralization). This disease results in fractures and noticeable deformities of the weight-bearing bones; when it occurs in children, it is called rickets
osteomyelitis
a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
osteonecrosis
the death of bone tissue; possibly from trauma or some disease process
osteoporosis
literally means porous bones; bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density
Paget’s disease
a nonmetabolic disease of the bone, characterized by excessive bone destruction (breakdown of bone tissue by the osteoclasts) and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts. The bone is weak and prone to fractures. After symptoms are present, the diseased bone takes on a characteristic mosaic pattern that can be detected with X-ray or bone scan; also known as osteitis deformans
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower extremities, usually due to spinal cord injuries
pelvic girdle weakness
weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle (the muscles that extend the hip and knee); in muscular dystrophy, the pelvic girdle weakness causes the child to use one or both hands to assist in rising from a sitting position by “walking” the hands up the lower extremities until he/she is in an upright position
pericardial
pertaining to around the heart (the pericardium)
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
a form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue; also known as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
purulent
containing pus
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord at the level of the cervical vertebrae
sarcopenia
a loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with aging; it is seen more in people who are inactive; prevention and treatment measures that have been shown to be useful are resistance training or strength training exercises
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini (openings) of the lumbar spinal canal; the narrowing causes pressure on the nerve roots prior to their exit from the foramini
stenosis
an abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure
subluxation
an incomplete dislocation (of a bone from the joint)
synovectomy
surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint
talipes equinovarus
clubfoot
