Terms C Flashcards
Cancer
A disease resulting from cells that break away from an original tumour to form secondary tumours elsewhere in the body
Carcinogen
A chemical a form of radiation or other agent that causes cancer
Cardiac cycle
A continuous series of events which make up a single heat beat
Cardiac output
The total volume of blood that the heart can pump each minute
Calculated as the volume of blood pumped at each beat - STROKE VOLUME- multiplied by the number of beats per minute- HEART RATE
Carrier molecule (carrier protein)
A protein on the surface of a cell that helps to transport molecules and ions across plasma membranes
Casparian strip
A distinctive band of suberin around the endodermal cells of a plant root that prevents water passing into the xylem via the cell walls
The water is forced through the living part protoplasy of endodermal cells
Centrifugation
Process of separating out particles of different sizes and densities by spinning them at high speed in a centrifuge
Cholesterol
Lipid that is an important component of cell-surface membranes. Excess in the blood can lead to ATHEROMA
Chromatid
One of the two strands of a CHROMOSOME that are joined together by a single centromere prior to cell division
Chromatin
The material that makes up CHROMOSOMES. It consists of DNA and the protein histone
Chromosome
A tread-like structure made of protein and DNA by which hereditary information is physically passed from one generation to the next
Clone
A group of genetically identical cells or organisms formed from a single parent as the result of asexual reproduction or by artificial means
Codon
A sequence of three adjacent NUCLEOTIDES in mRNA that codes for one amino acid
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same type. It is important in the movement of water up a plant
Collagen
Fibrous protein that is main constituent of connective tissues such as tendons cartilage or bone
Community
All living organisms present in an ECOSYSTEM at a given time
Complementary DNA
DNA that is made from messenger RNA in a process that is the reverse of normal transcription
Condensation
Chemical process in which two molecules combine to form a more complex one with the elimination of a simple substance usually water. Many biological POLYMERS such as polysaccharides and Polypeptides are formed by condensation.
See also HYDROLYSIS
Continuous variation
Variation in which organisms do not do not fall into distinct categories but show gradations from one extreme to the other
Coronary arteries
Arteries that supply blood to the cardiac Muscle of the heart
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Any condition eg ATHEROMA and THROMBOSIS affecting the CORONARY ARTERIES that supply heart muscle
Correlation
When a change in one variable is reflected by a change in a second variable
Co-transport
the transport of one substance coupled with the transport of another substance across a plasma membrane in the same direction through the same protein carrier
Countercurrent system
A mechanism by which the efficiency of exchange between two substances is increased by having them flowing in opposite directions
Covalent bond
Type of chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of ELECTRONS one from each atom
Crossing over
The process whereby a CHROMATID breaks during MEIOSIS and rejoins to the chromatid of its HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME so that’s there ALLELES are exchanged
