Terms C

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

A disease resulting from cells that break away from an original tumour to form secondary tumours elsewhere in the body

Question 2

Carcinogen

Answer 2

A chemical a form of radiation or other agent that causes cancer

Question 3

Cardiac cycle

Answer 3

A continuous series of events which make up a single heat beat

Question 4

Cardiac output

Answer 4

The total volume of blood that the heart can pump each minute

Calculated as the volume of blood pumped at each beat - STROKE VOLUME- multiplied by the number of beats per minute- HEART RATE

Question 5

Carrier molecule (carrier protein)

Answer 5

A protein on the surface of a cell that helps to transport molecules and ions across plasma membranes

Question 6

Casparian strip

Answer 6

A distinctive band of suberin around the endodermal cells of a plant root that prevents water passing into the xylem via the cell walls
The water is forced through the living part protoplasy of endodermal cells

Question 7

Centrifugation

Answer 7

Process of separating out particles of different sizes and densities by spinning them at high speed in a centrifuge

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

Lipid that is an important component of cell-surface membranes. Excess in the blood can lead to ATHEROMA

Question 9

Chromatid

Answer 9

One of the two strands of a CHROMOSOME that are joined together by a single centromere prior to cell division

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

The material that makes up CHROMOSOMES. It consists of DNA and the protein histone

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

A tread-like structure made of protein and DNA by which hereditary information is physically passed from one generation to the next

Question 12

Clone

Answer 12

A group of genetically identical cells or organisms formed from a single parent as the result of asexual reproduction or by artificial means

Question 13

Codon

Answer 13

A sequence of three adjacent NUCLEOTIDES in mRNA that codes for one amino acid

Question 14

Cohesion

Answer 14

Attraction between molecules of the same type. It is important in the movement of water up a plant

Question 15

Collagen

Answer 15

Fibrous protein that is main constituent of connective tissues such as tendons cartilage or bone

Question 16

Community

Answer 16

All living organisms present in an ECOSYSTEM at a given time

Question 17

Complementary DNA

Answer 17

DNA that is made from messenger RNA in a process that is the reverse of normal transcription

Question 18

Condensation

Answer 18

Chemical process in which two molecules combine to form a more complex one with the elimination of a simple substance usually water. Many biological POLYMERS such as polysaccharides and Polypeptides are formed by condensation.

See also HYDROLYSIS

Question 19

Continuous variation

Answer 19

Variation in which organisms do not do not fall into distinct categories but show gradations from one extreme to the other

Question 20

Coronary arteries

Answer 20

Arteries that supply blood to the cardiac Muscle of the heart

Question 21

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

Answer 21

Any condition eg ATHEROMA and THROMBOSIS affecting the CORONARY ARTERIES that supply heart muscle

Question 22

Correlation

Answer 22

When a change in one variable is reflected by a change in a second variable

Question 23

Co-transport

Answer 23

the transport of one substance coupled with the transport of another substance across a plasma membrane in the same direction through the same protein carrier

Question 24

Countercurrent system

Answer 24

A mechanism by which the efficiency of exchange between two substances is increased by having them flowing in opposite directions

Question 25

Covalent bond

Answer 25

Type of chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of ELECTRONS one from each atom

Question 26

Crossing over

Answer 26

The process whereby a CHROMATID breaks during MEIOSIS and rejoins to the chromatid of its HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME so that’s there ALLELES are exchanged