Terms and Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
What are the major genres?
A
Prose, Poetry, and Drama
2
Q
What are the major subgenres of Prose?
A
Fiction and Nonfiction
3
Q
What are the major subgenres of Poetry?
A
Narrative, Lyric and Dramatic
4
Q
What are the major subgenres of Drama?
A
Tragedy and Comedy
5
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Fiction?
A
Western, Science Fiction, Romantic
6
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Nonfiction?
A
Essay, Biography, Instructional
7
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Narrative poetry?
A
Epic, Ballad
8
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Lyric poetry?
A
Ode, Elegy, Sonnet
9
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Dramatic poetry?
A
Dramatic Monologue
10
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Tragedy?
A
Common man, Classical Greek
11
Q
What are some minor subgenres of Comedy?
A
Comedy of character, Satire, low comedy
12
Q
Prose
A
written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure
13
Q
Poetry
A
written or spoken language which may have stanzas and heightened figurative language with metrical structure
14
Q
Drama
A
a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance
15
Q
Fiction
A
Invented or imaginary characters and events
16
Q
Nonfiction
A
True or real characters and events
17
Q
Narrative poetry
A
Contains a plot
18
Q
Lyric poetry
A
Expresses emotion
19
Q
Dramatic poetry
A
Contains elements of a play
20
Q
Tragedy
A
Serious, tragic disaster
21
Q
Comedy
A
ends Happily
22
Q
Essay
A
a short piece of writing on a particular subject.
23
Q
Autobiography/ biography
A
an account of someone’s life written by themselves/ someone else
24
Q
Epic
A
a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.
25
ballad
Narratives songs that may be sung or recited. The subjects are usually courage or love.
26
ode
a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter. A serious long lyric poem with a single theme; purpose may be to eulogize someone or something
27
elegy
a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
28
Sonnet
A 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter
29
Dramatic monologue
a poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events.
30
Common man tragedy
Examples include death of a salesman, 1984
31
Classical Greek tragedy
Examples include oedipus Rex, Antigone
32
Comedy of character
comedy in which the emphasis is on characterization rather than plot or lines
33
Satire
wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly, in extreme is a farce
34
Low comedy
comedy employing burlesque, horseplay, or the representation of low life
35
fable
Fables are stories centered on morals, which are often expressed in an epigram.
36
Epigram
Short poems that are characteristically witty with a twist in thought at the end. Or a clever saying used for a variety of purposes
37
Dramatic structure
1. Exposition/Introduction
2. Conflict/Exciting force
3. Rising action or complication
4. Climax crisis or turning point
5. Falling action
6. Resolution or conclusion
38
Consonance
Final consonant sounds of stressed syllables are repeated but the preceding vowels are different such as learn and torn or Reader and rider.
39
Concrete poetry
Highly graphic modern poems that are also graphic art.
40
Assonance
The same or similar vowel sounds are repeated in nearby words, usually in stressed syllables such as lies and night and feet and keep
41
Tragic hero
Has a flaw in his character that causes his defeat, even though he was originally of a noble family. For example Macbeth
42
Antihero
a hero that is more ordinary than a traditional hero; could be villainous; acts in self interest
43
Blank verse
Is written in iambic pentameter but with no rhyme pattern. It is the major verse form used by Shakespeare in his plays
44
Couplet and heroic couplet
A couplet consists of two group lines that rhyme. A heroic couplet is written in iambic pentameter.
45
Free verse
verse that is free of a regular meter
46
Meiosis
Understatement
47
Malapropism
the mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect, as in, for example, “dance a flamingo ” (instead of flamenco ).
48
Iambic foot
Unstressed, stressed
49
iambic pentameter
Five iambic feet
50
Situational or dramatic irony
The result following a sequence of events is the opposite of what is expected
51
Verbal irony
When the speaker says the opposite of what they mean
52
Contradiction in context
Example: describing a cruel person in terms that are endearing
53
Allegory
When metaphors are extended into narrative form in which the actual stories and its elements represent elements outside this story often with the characters and events representing ideas
54
Anthropomorphism versus personification
With anthropomorphism, the object or animal is actually doing something human. With personification, the object or animal just seems like it's doing something human. Rabbit in Alice in Wonderland = anthropomorphism, a rabbit staring like he wants to make you for dinner = personification
55
Apostrophe, Invocation
An exclamatory figure of speech when a character turns from addressing one party to another party or inanimate object. Called an invocation if to a muse
56
Metonymy versus synecdoche
The difference between synecdoche and metonymy is that in metonymy the word you employ is linked to the concept you are really talking about, but isn’t actually a part of it, which is synecdoche.
57
Parable
Teaches a lesson using the very structured Allegory
58
Rhyme scheme
Pattern at the end of each line of a poem
59
etna
a device formerly used for heating liquids and consisting of a cup fixed in a saucer in which alcohol is burned.
60
litotes
ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary (e.g., you won't be sorry, meaning you'll be glad ).
61
expletive
a word or phrase used to fill out a sentence or a line of verse without adding to the sense.
"it is" in "it is time to go"
62
bier
a movable frame on which a coffin or a corpse is placed before burial or cremation or on which it is carried to the grave.
63
noxious
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant.
64
emanation
an abstract but perceptible thing that issues or originates from a source.
65
eery
eerie
66
espy
catch sight of
67
elative
adjective describing motion; the adjective form of prepositions
68
sprung rhythm
a poetic meter approximating speech, each foot having one stressed syllable followed by a varying number of unstressed ones. app of iamb
69
theater of the absurd
drama using the abandonment of conventional dramatic form to portray the futility of human struggle in a senseless world.
70
surrealism
a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.
71
aphorism
a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain't broke, don't fix it.”.
72
euphony
It can be defined as the use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create.
73
indicative mood
used to make factual statements, ask questions, or express opinions as if they were facts. Any verb tense may be deployed in the indicative mood.
74
subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is used to explore conditions that are contrary to fact: "If"
75
imperative mood
The imperative mood expresses direct commands, prohibitions, and requests.
76
romance
romantic stories with chivalrous feats of heroes and knights. Romance describes chivalry and courtly love, comprising stories and legends of duty, courage, boldness, battles, and rescues of damsels in distress.
77
realism
the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
78
tenor and vehicle
The tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed.
79
hypobole
A rhetorical figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favour of the opposing side, and then they are refuted one by one.
80
reification
Reification is making something real, bringing something into being, or making something concrete.
81
conceit
a fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor.
82
idiomatic
using, containing, or denoting expressions that are natural to a native speaker.
83
agog
very eager or curious to hear or see something.
84
turbid
confused or obscure in meaning or effect.
85
tandem
having two things arranged one in front of the other.
86
akimbo
with hands on the hips and elbows turned outward.
87
poignant
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.
sharp or pungent in taste or smell
88
despondent
in low spirits from loss of hope or courage.
89
denouement
the final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.
90
indite
write; compose.
91
loci
plural of locus, a particular point in place
92
anastrophe
the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses.
93
lipogram
a composition from which the writer systematically omits a certain letter or certain letters of the alphabet.
94
Italian sonnet vs. English Sonnet
An Italian sonnet is composed of an octet (eight lines - abbaabba) and a sestet (six lines - either abcabc or ababab). The English sonnet comprises three quatrains (four line - abab) and one couplet at the end (two lines - aa). All sonnets have 14 lines.
95
Nonrestrictive clause
A nonrestrictive clause (also known as a nonessential clause) is a type of adjective clause that provides additional information about a word whose meaning is already clear. Nonrestrictive clauses often begin with the word which and are always set off with commas.
96
Restrictive Clause
a restrictive (or essential) clause provides information necessary for understanding the word it modifies. When deciding whether to include the word that or which in an adjective clause, remember to use that for restrictive clauses and which for nonrestrictive clauses:
97
Intensive pronouns
Intensive pronouns are used to add emphasis to the subject or antecedent of the sentence. The intensive/reflexive pronouns include myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
98
demonstrative pronouns
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within a sentence. Those are, these are, that is, this is
99
Complex sentence
Complex sentences contain an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
100
Linking verbs
is like an equal sign
| is, become, feel,
101
Intransitive verb
does not need an object after the verb. sit, jump, read
102
transitive verb
needs an object after the verb. kiss, kill, buy
103
homonym vs homophone vs homograph
Homonym- same pronunciation and spelling; homophone- same pronunciation; homograph- same spelling
104
relative pronoun
which, that, when, whose (not as a question)
105
dangling modifier
a type of ambiguous grammatical construct whereby a grammatical modifier could be misinterpreted as being associated with a word other than the one intended, or with no particular word at all. Walking down Main Street, the trees were beautiful. Reaching the station, the sun came out.
106
participle
a modifier for past and present verbs. I "have" swum. I "am' swimming.
107
eye rhyme
a similarity between words in spelling but not in pronunciation, e.g., love and move.
108
true rhyme
rhyme; share, care
109
imperfect rhyme
a rhyme in which there is only a partial matching of sounds (e.g., peek and seat ).
