Terms and definitions

Question 1

Cord prolapse

Answer 1

Cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes

Question 2

Episiotomy

Answer 2

Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour

Question 3

Third degree tear

Answer 3

Perineal trauma involving the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter

Question 4

Second degree tear

Answer 4

Perineal trauma involving the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles

Question 5

Lochia

Answer 5

Vaginal discharge during the puerperium

Question 6

Oligohydramnios

Answer 6

Reduced amniotic fluid

Question 7

Polyhydramnios

Answer 7

Excess amniotic fluid

Question 8

Pre eclampsia

Answer 8

Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy

Question 9

Eclampsia

Answer 9

Seizure in clinical setting of pre eclampsia

Question 10

Amniocentesis

Answer 10

Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman

Question 11

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 11

Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance

Question 12

External cephalic version

Answer 12

Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall

Question 13

Retained placenta

Answer 13

When placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby

Question 14

Precipitate labour

Answer 14

Labour less than 4 hours duration

Question 15

Shoulder dystocia

Answer 15

Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head

Question 16

Puerperium

Answer 16

The 6 weeks following delivery

Question 17

Quickening

Answer 17

Maternal perception of fetal movement

Question 18

Restitution

Answer 18

Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders

Question 19

Show

Answer 19

Discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or days preceding labour

Question 20

Phototherapy

Answer 20

When use standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion

Question 21

Exchange transfusion

Answer 21

Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice

Blood is removed and replaced with donor blood

Question 22

What does exchange transfusion remove?

Answer 22

Bilirubin and antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice.

Question 23

Low birthweight baby

Question 24

Very low birthweight baby

Question 25

Neonatal respiratory distress 4 clinical features

Answer 25

Tachypnoea Increased effort of breathing Noisy breathing Central cyanosis

Question 26

Caesarean hysterectomy

Answer 26

Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)

Question 27

Perimortem CS

Answer 27

Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life

Question 28

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 28

Overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding | Includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing

Question 29

Primary ammenorrhea

Answer 29

Absence of periods ever

Question 30

Secondary amenorrhea

Answer 30

Absence of periods for a 6-month period

Question 31

Intermenstrual bleeding

Answer 31

Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern

Question 32

Irregular menstrual bleeding

Answer 32

Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1 year

Question 33

Prolonged menstrual bleeding

Answer 33

Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis

Question 34

Acute AUB

Answer 34

An episode of heavy bleeding that, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss

Question 35

Chronic AUB

Answer 35

Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency Present for most of the past 6 months

Question 36

How long does chronic AUB have to be present for?

Answer 36

Present for most of the past 6 months

Question 37

Heavy menstrual bleeding (replaces menorrhagia)

Answer 37

Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life Occurring alone or with other symptoms. Includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient

Question 38

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 38

Pelvic pain during menstruation

Question 39

Dyspareunia

Answer 39

Pain with sexual intercourse

Question 40

Cervical excitation

Answer 40

Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination

Question 41

What causes the pain of cervical excitation?

Answer 41

Free blood in the peritoneal cavity

Question 42

Cervical ectropion

Answer 42

The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix

Question 43

Infertility

Answer 43

Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year

Question 44

Endometriosis

Answer 44

Endometrial tissue outside the uterus

Question 45

Where do you most commonly see endometriosis?

Answer 45

On the pelvic peritoneal surfaces

Question 46

Adenomyosis

Answer 46

Occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium

Question 47

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 47

Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis

Question 48

Menopause

Answer 48

Final menstrual period

Question 49

Premature menopause

Answer 49

Menopause occurring before 40 yo

Question 50

Climacteric/ perimenopause

Answer 50

Period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear

Question 51

Post menopause

Answer 51

The time after menopause

Question 52

Lactational amenorrhea method

Answer 52

Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age Woman has no return of menses