Terms and Definitions Flashcards
What is Solubility
The solubility of a substance is the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.
What is Titration?
A laboratory procedure used to determine the concentration of substances in solutions using the neutralization
reaction (pH of these reactions moves towards 7 – pH of a neutral solution).
What is Electronegativity?
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
Hydration
The process in which water molecules surround each ion, (when an ionic compound has been dissolved in water)
How does pressure effect the solubility of gases?
The solubility of gases increases with a change of pressure.
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between an acid and base to produce salt and water
Equivalence point
The point at which the amount of titrant is just enough to neutralize the sample (pH = 7)
Acid
An acid is a substance that ionizes in water to produce one or more hydrogen ions, H+(aq)
Base
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce one or more hydroxide ions, OH-
(aq)
Acids key info
pH < 7
* Acidity increases as pH decreases
* Hydrogen ion concentration increases and hydroxide ion concentration decreases as pH decreases
* Strong acids: 0-1
* Weak acids: 1.1-6.9
Bases key info
pH > 7
* Basicity increases as pH increases
* Hydroxide ion concentration increases and hydrogen ion concentration decreases as pH increases
* Strong bases: 13-14
* Weak bases: 7.1-12.9
Dilution decreases concentration
For acids, pH↑
* For bases, pH↓
substances made up of polar molecules exist as…
liquids and gases at room temperature
non polar molecules exist as
gases usually, however larger molecules have stronger attractive forces and can exist as liquids
Boyle’s law
V vs P
* inverse relationship
