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Science Chapter 2 test review > terms and definitions > Flashcards

terms and definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

The symbols quickly identify the type of hazard associated with a chemical substance.

A

WHMIS - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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2
Q

Provides more detailed information than WHMIS.
Each chemical substance has this. This tells you important things like Health risks of exposure, Personal protective equipment (PPE) to wear when handling it, etc.

A

SDS - Safety Data sheet

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3
Q

anything that has a mass and volume.

A

matter

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4
Q

amount of matter in a substance, Measured in grains or Kilograms

A

mass

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5
Q

The amount of space occupied by a Substance, measured in liters or milliliters

A

volume

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6
Q

any characteristic that can be used to describe matter. There are two types of properties: physical and chemical.

A

property

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7
Q

any characteristic of matter that can ONLY be observed when substances react with each other and matter is changed to create new substances.

A

chemical property

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8
Q

Any characteristic of matter that can be measured or observed without changing the type of matter in a substance. In other words, no chemical reaction is needed to observe that property.

A

physical property

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9
Q

the degree to which the material reflects light. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

lustre and it is qualitative and physical

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10
Q

ability to be beat or beaten into sheets. Is it qualitative or quantitative? Is it physical or chemical? `

A

malleability and it is qualitative and physical

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11
Q

degree to which the substance combines with another substance. Is it physical or chemical?

A

reactivity and is chemical.

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12
Q

degree to which a substance burns. Is it physical or chemical?

A

combustibility and is chemical

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13
Q

describe without numbers

A

Qualitative

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14
Q

described or measured using numbers

A

Quantitative

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15
Q

solid, liquid, gas. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

state and is qualitative and physical.

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16
Q

colour. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

colour and it is qualitative and physical

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17
Q

ability to be drawn into wires. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

ductility and it is qualitative and physical

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18
Q

Appearance and feel of the surface. Is it qualitative or quantitative? Is it physical or chemical?

A

Texture and it is qualitative and physical.

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19
Q

Tendency to be attracted to a magnet. Is it qualitative or quantitative? Is it physical or chemical?

A

Magnetism is qualitative and physical.

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20
Q

Ability to be dissolved in water. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

Solubility and it is quantitative and physical.

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21
Q

resistance to flow. Is it qualitative or quantitative? Is it physical or chemical?

A

viscosity and it is quantitative and physical.

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22
Q

ratio to a material’s mass to its volume. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

density and it is quantitative and it is physical
.

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23
Q

temperature of freezing/melting. Is it qualitative or quantitative? is it physical or chemical?

A

melting point and it is quantitative and physical

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24
Q

temperature of boiling/condensing. Is it qualitative or quantitative? Is it physical or chemical?

A

boiling point and it is quantitative and physical.

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25
Q

degree to which a substance reacts in the body to produce harmful substances. is it property or chemical?

A

toxicity and it is chemical.

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26
Q

substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts or changed into another substance.

A

element

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27
Q

the basic unit of all matter. They are the smallest pieces of matter that still have the properties of that matter.

A

atom

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28
Q

scientist tried to describe the properties of atoms but they cannot see it, so they made their ideas without ever touching or seeing the atom by making inferences

A

atomic theory

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29
Q

small particles with a negative electric charge

A

electrons

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30
Q

a subatomic particle with a neutral charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.

A

neutrons

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31
Q

positively charged particles

A

protons

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32
Q

the small and dense central part of an atom. It contains protons and neutrons.

A

nucleus

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33
Q

smaller particles that make up an atom including protons, neutrons and electrons.

A

Subatomic particles

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34
Q

supported by evidence but may be difficult to test or prove with experiments. more evidence may be needed for acceptance by the scientific community. attempt to explain phenomena and can often change with more evidence.

A

scientific theory

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35
Q

supported by a variety of repeated experiments and the evidence must hold up to many different tests. describe rather then explain phenomena and can change if new evidence arrives.

A

scientific law

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36
Q

ideas that are based on little to no evidence. To be useful such ideas must be testable through observation and experimentation. Hypotheses are examples of this

A

conjunction

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37
Q

a conclusion based on available evidence and logical reasoning.

A

inference

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38
Q

A substance made of more than one element bonded together. It has different properties than the individual elements.

A

compound

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39
Q

May be 1, 2 or 3 letters
1st letter is always capitalized
2nd and 3rd letters must be lowercase.

Ex 1: Oxygen = O
Ex 2: Cobalt = Co

A

element compound

40
Q

The symbol for each element must be shown! There will be one capital letter present for each element in a compound (one for each element symbol).

example: KNO3

A

chemical compound

41
Q

a chart that organizes all of the elements based on their mass AND properties.

A

periodic table

42
Q

the little number in the top left hand corner that represent the number of Protons in the atom of the element.

A

atomic number

43
Q

the decimal number on the bottom that represents the average mass of the different atoms of the element.

A

atomic mass

44
Q

represents the sum of protons and electrons of an atom. we will assume that mass number for each element will be a rounded mass.

A

mass number

45
Q

-these are all solid except for mercury.
- all are lustrous
- all are malleable
- good conductors of electricity and heat.

A

metals

46
Q
  • a mix of properties from metals and non-metals!
  • All solids
  • Shiny OR dull
  • malleable OR brittle
  • Better conductors than non-metals but worse than metals.
A

metalloids

47
Q
  • Basically the opposite of metals!
  • Include elements of varying states (Solids, liquids and gases)
  • Generally not lustrous (dull)
  • Non-malleable (brittle)
  • Poor conductors or do not conduct electricity and heat
A

non-metals

48
Q

horizontal rows numbered 1 to 7. Atomic # increases across a period.

A

periods

49
Q

arranged in vertical columns numbered 1 to 18. Elements in the same group often have similar properties

A

groups

50
Q

a group of elements in the periodic table.

A

chemical family

51
Q

-React strongly with both oxygen and water.
-Very soft metals. Can be cut with a knife.
-Low melting points for metals (all melt below 200OC)
-Reactivity increases going down the family (ie: K is more reactive than Na)

A

alkali metals (group 1)

52
Q

-Less reactive than alkali metals, but also react with water.
-Produce bright coloured flames when burned in air. (Used in fireworks!)

A

alkaline earth metals (group2)

53
Q

Some similarities exist in each column (Ex: copper, silver, and gold all resist corrosion.)

A

transition metals (group 3-16)

54
Q

-Highly reactive non-metals
-Only family that contains each state at room temperature:
Gases: F and Cl
Liquid: Br
Solids: I and At
-Reactivity increases going UP the group (F is the most reactive)

A

halogens (group 17)

55
Q

-Stable elements (means they do not react)
-All are naturally colourless and odourless gases
-They glow different colours when electricity is passed through them. (Like neon lights)

A

Noble gases (group 18)

56
Q

regions of space around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found. They are also called ‘electron shells’.

A

energy levels

57
Q

The highest (outermost) energy level in an atom containing electrons. It is the same as the period number for that element.

A

valance energy levels

58
Q

electrons found in the highest energy level of an atom.

A

valence electrons

59
Q

shows the arrangement of all subatomic particles within an atom.

A

A Bohr-Rutherford Diagram

60
Q

matter composed of only one type of substance. It can be made of only one type of atom OR one type of compound.

Ex: pure gold is made only of gold atoms. It is a pure element.

A

pure substance

61
Q

an attraction between the atoms of two or more different elements. These attractions result from either sharing or transferring electrons between atoms.

A

chemical bond

62
Q

C12H22O11 and Fe2O3 are examples of

A

chemical formula

63
Q

the small numbers found to the right of each element.

A

subscript

64
Q

atoms of two or more different non-metal elements bonded together.

A

molecular compounds (also known as Covalent Compounds)

65
Q

ions of metal and non-metal elements are bonded together.

A

ionic compounds

66
Q

a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds

A

molecules

67
Q

the numbers we used to show how many atoms are in each compound are:

A

prefix

68
Q

Appearance changes without rearranging the chemical structure. No new substances are formed. The matter may look different, but the properties of the matter remain the same.

A

physical changes

69
Q

Any change in which the chemical structure of a substance is changed. One or more new substances are formed. The properties of the new substance(s) are different from the original substance.
Chemical changes are also called chemical reactions.

A

chemical changes

70
Q

When matter changes from one physical form to another as energy is added or removed. As energy is added to a substance, its particles move more rapidly. The amount of energy absorbed by those particles determines whether the substance is a solid, liquid, or a gas

A

change of state

71
Q

how something soild turns into a liquid

A

melting

72
Q

how something liquid turns solids

A

freezing

73
Q

when something liquid turns into a gas

A

evaporation

74
Q

when a gas turns a liquid

A

condensation

75
Q

when something solid turns into a gas

A

sublimation

76
Q

when a gas turns into a solid

A

deposition

77
Q

the breaking down or destruction of a material through a chemical change.

A

corrosion

78
Q

Typically oxygen reacting with another compound to release energy as heat!

A

combustion

79
Q

the prefix for 1

A

mono

80
Q

prefix for 2

A

di

81
Q

prefix for 3

A

tri

82
Q

prefix for 4

A

tetra

83
Q

prefix for 5

A

penta

84
Q

prefix for 6

A

hexa

85
Q

prefix for 7

A

hepta

86
Q

prefix for 8

A

octa

87
Q

prefix for 9

A

nona

88
Q

prefix for 10

A

deca

89
Q

what is this : C12H22O11

A

table sugar

90
Q

what is this: CH4

A

methane

91
Q

what is this: CO2

A

carbon dioxide

92
Q

what is this: H2O

A

water

93
Q

what is this: NaCl

A

table salt

94
Q

what is this: CaCO3

A

calcium Carbonate

95
Q

what is this: NaOH

A

sodium Hydroxide

96
Q

the signs that chemical changes have occured:

A

-change in colours
-A precipitate (solid) forms when mixing clear solutions
-Heat is absorbed or released (temperature change)
-Gas is observed (often as bubbling)
-Change in smell

Science Chapter 2 test review (7 decks)

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