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Translation Methodology > Terms and Definitions > Flashcards

Terms and Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Translation

A

Derives from the Latin word ‘translatio’, which comes from the verb ‘transferre’ (to come over)

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2
Q

Intralingual Translation

A

Also called ‘rewording’, it’s an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language.

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3
Q

Interlingual Translation

A

Also called ‘translation proper’, it’s an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language.

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4
Q

Intersemiotc Translation

A

Also called ‘transmutation’, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems.

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5
Q

Skopos Theory

A

The core idea is that every translation has a very specific purpose.

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6
Q

Translational Action

A

The core idea is that every translation situation is primarily an instance of human interaction, where players act in a way that affects other players.

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7
Q

Documentary Translation

A

It serves as a document of a source culture communication between the author and the ST recipient.

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8
Q

Informative Text

A

Plain communication of facts, e.g. reference work

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9
Q

Expressive Text

A

Creative composition, e.g. poems

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10
Q

Operative Text

A

Induces behavioural responses, e.g. electoral speech

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11
Q

Equivalence

A

Equal or interchangeable in value, quantity, significance, etc. Having similar effect or meaning.

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12
Q

Direct Translation

A

A translation of a text done by translating each word separately.

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13
Q

Oblique Translation

A

When structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering the meaning.

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14
Q

Borrowing

A

This category covers words that are used in English and other languages to fill semantic gaps in the TL.

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15
Q

Calque

A

'’Special kind of borrowing’’ where the SL expression or structure is transferred in a literal translation.

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16
Q

Literal Translation

A

Word-for-word translation.

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17
Q

Transposition

A

A change of speech of one part to another.

18
Q

Modulation

A

Changes the semantics and the point of view of the SL.

19
Q

Idiomatic or Equivalence Translation

A

Languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means.

20
Q

Amplification

A

Technique where the TL uses more words, often because of syntactic expansion.

21
Q

Connectors

A

Cohesive links, discourse marks, deixis, demonstratives, pronouns, punctuation, etc.

22
Q

Servitude

A

Refers to obligatory transposition and modulation due to a difference between the language systems.

23
Q

Option

A

Refers to non-obligatory changes that may be due to the translator’s own style and preferences, or a change in emphasis.

24
Q

Correspondance

A

Compares two language systems and describes differences and similarities.

25
Q

Denotative Equivalence

A

Related to equivalence of the extralinguistic content of a text.

26
Q

Connotative Equivalence

A

Also called ‘stylistic equivalence’, related to lexical choices.

27
Q

Text-normative Equivalence

A

Related to text types, with different texts behaving in different ways.

28
Q

Pragmatic Equivalence

A

Also called ‘communicative equivalence’, oriented towards the receiver of the text.

29
Q

Formal Equivalence

A

Related to the form and aesthetics of the text.

30
Q

Propositional Meaning

A

Arises from the relationship between ‘it’ and what it refers or describes.

31
Q

Expressive Meaning

A

Relates to the feelings and attitude of the speaker.

32
Q

Presupposed Meaning

A

Arises from co-occurence restrictions.

33
Q

Co-occurence Restrictions

A

Restrictions on what other words or expression we expect to see before or after a lexical unit.

34
Q

Evoked Meaning

A

Arises from dialect and register variations.

35
Q

Conceptual Fields

A

Reflect the divisions and sub-divisions imposed by a given linguistic community on the continuum of experience. These divisions are called semantic fields. And the actual words in these fields are called lexical sets.

36
Q

Non-equivalence at word level

A

Means that the target language has no direct equivalence for a word which occurs in the ST.

37
Q

Collocations

A

Semantically arbitrary restrictions which do not follow logically from the propositional meaning of the word.

38
Q

Collocation and Register

A

Register specific collocations extend from far beyond the list of items found in specialized dictionaries.

39
Q

Marked Collocation

A

Unusual combination of words.They are used to create unusual images, produce laughter, irony, attrect the reader’s attention.

40
Q

Idioms and Proverbs

A

At the extreme end of the scale of collocations in one or both of these areas: flexibility of patterning and transparency of meaning.

Translation Methodology (1 decks)

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