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PASP 501 Medical Terminology > Terms and Definitions > Flashcards

Terms and Definitions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ablation

A

Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radiofrequency

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal fibrous band that hold or binds together tissues that are normally separated

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3
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments

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4
Q

Cauterize

A

Destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

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5
Q

Curettage

A

Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

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6
Q

Dehiscence

A

Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

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7
Q

Exacerbation

A

Increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

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8
Q

Febrile

A

Feverish, pertaining to a fever

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9
Q

iatrogenic

A

Produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)

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10
Q

Idiopathic

A

Pertaining to a disease of unknown origin

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11
Q

Inflammation

A

Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes, loss of function

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12
Q

Morbid

A

Diseased; pertaining to a disease

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13
Q

Nocturnal

A

Pertaining to or occurring in the night

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14
Q

Sepsis

A

Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

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15
Q

Suppurative

A

Producing or associated with generation of pus

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16
Q

Claudication

A

Lameness, limping

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17
Q

Contracture

A

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

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18
Q

Crepitation

A

Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together from fracture or joint destruction

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19
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Effusion of blood into a joint cavity

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20
Q

Hypotonia

A

Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

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21
Q

Osteophyte

A

Bony outgrowth; bone spur

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22
Q

Sprain

A

Tearing of ligament tissue

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23
Q

Strain

A

Muscular Injury

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24
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial or incomplete dislocation

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25
Q

Convulsion

A

Any sudden and violent contraction of one or more muscles

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26
Q

Dementia

A

Broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

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27
Q

Fasciculation

A

Involuntary contraction or twitching of muscle fibers, visible under the skin

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28
Q

Lethargy

A

Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

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29
Q

Palsy

A

Paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor

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30
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation

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31
Q

Paresthesia

A

Sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

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32
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain

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33
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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34
Q

Borborygmi

A

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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35
Q

Cachexia

A

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass

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36
Q

Colic

A

Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ accompanied by pain

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37
Q

Flatus

A

Expulsion of gas in GI track from a body orifice, especially the anus

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38
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

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39
Q

Melena

A

Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

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40
Q

Obstipation

A

Severe Constipation

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41
Q

Peristalsis

A

Progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract

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42
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Passage of fat in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

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43
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening for sounds within the body using a stethoscope

44
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

45
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood

46
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in tissues

47
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural membrane that causes pain and increased coughing or deep breathing

48
Q

Spirometry

A

A measurement of breathing or lung volumes

49
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Inability of the heart to maintain a normal rhythm

50
Q

Bruit

A

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; murmur

51
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Any disease or weakening of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

52
Q

Coarctation

A

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

53
Q

Embolus

A

Mass of undissolved matter ( foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

54
Q

Infarct

A

Area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

55
Q

Ischemia

A

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

56
Q

Palpitation

A

Sensation that the heart is not beating normally

57
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot that obstructs a vessel

58
Q

Azotemia

A

Retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatinine, uric acid) in the blood; uremia

59
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

60
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence

61
Q

Micturate

A

To urinate or void

62
Q

Oliguria

A

Diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting from inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism

63
Q

Atresia

A

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening

64
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

65
Q

Puerperium

A

Period of 42 days after childbirth, during which the reproductive organs usually return to normal

66
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased formation and secretion of urine

67
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

68
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body

69
Q

Virile

A

Masculine or having characteristics of a man

70
Q

Virilism

A

Masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman

71
Q

Convergence

A

Medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed

72
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision

73
Q

Photophobia

A

Unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

74
Q

Visual field

A

Area within which objects may be seen when the eye is in fixed position

75
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present

76
Q

Tonsillar

A

Pertaining to a tonsil

77
Q

Vertigo

A

Hallucination of movement, or a feeling of spinning or dizziness

78
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of the eyeball form the orbit

79
Q

Abrasion

A

Scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury

80
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

81
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete loss of hair

82
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

83
Q

Chloasma

A

Yellowish-brown pigementary skin discoloration

84
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by mechanical means

85
Q

Dermatomycosis

A

Infection of the skin caused by fungi

86
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Blue-black, greenish-brown/yellow skin discolorations caused from escaped blood into the tissues; bruise

87
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

88
Q

Eschar

A

Damaged tissue following a severe burn

89
Q

Icterus

A

Juandice

90
Q

Induration

A

Abnormal hard spot (s)

91
Q

Keratosis

A

Thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callous/wart)

92
Q

Lentigo

A

Small brown flat lesions, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure; mole

93
Q

Pallor

A

Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

94
Q

Petechia

A

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin

95
Q

Pruritus

A

Intense itching

96
Q

Urticaria

A

Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patched called hives or wheals

97
Q

Verruca

A

Epidermal growth caused by a virus; warts

98
Q

Vitiligo

A

Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches

99
Q

Disseminated

A

Scattered or distributed over a considerable area; scattered throughout an organ or body

100
Q

Hematoma

A

Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel

101
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of red blood cells with a release of hemoglobin that diffuses into the surrounding fluid

102
Q

Hemostasis

A

Arrest of bleeding or circulation

103
Q

Immunity

A

State of being protected against infectious disease

104
Q

Speticemia

A

Serious, life-threathening bloodstream infection that may arise from other infection throughout the body

105
Q

Titer

A

Blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood; indicator of immune status

PASP 501 Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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