Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Nulligravida
A
a woman who has not been pregnant
2
Q
Nullipara
A
a woman who has not delivered a pregnancy at 20 weeks or greater
3
Q
Primigravida
A
a woman who is pregnant for the first time
4
Q
Primipara
A
a woman who has delivered one pregnancy at 20 weeks gestation or greater
5
Q
Multigravida
A
a woman who is pregnant for at least the second time
6
Q
Multipara
A
a woman who has delivered at least 2 pregnancies at a gestation of 20 weeks or greater
7
Q
When determining Parity what does GP stand for and what information is provided?
A
- G is for Gravida
- # of pregnancies
- P is for Para
- Pregnancies that were maintained to 20 weeks and beyond, regardless of outcome
8
Q
What do the letters GTPAL stand for?
A
- G: Gravida (or gravidity)
- T: Term
- P: Preterm
- A: Abortions
- L: Living children
9
Q
Re: GTPAL
Define G
A
- Gravida (or gravidity)
- Total # of pregnancies a woman has had regardless of outcome
10
Q
Re: GTPAL
Define T
A
- Term
- # of pregnancies maintained 38 weeks and beyond, regardless of outcome
11
Q
Re: GTPAL
Define P
A
- Preterm
- # of pregnancies maintained between 20-37 weeks
12
Q
Re: GTPAL
Define A
A
- Abortions
- # of pregnancies that ended up to 20 weeks, whether miscarriage or elected
- (do not ever use this term with patients)
13
Q
Re: GTPAL
Define L
A
- Living children
- Total # of living children at the time
- (can enter a note with the reason for the number of any that died, but not part of GTPAL formula)
14
Q
Define Hyperemesis gravidarum
A
- Hyperemesis gravidarum is extreme, persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
- It can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances.
- Morning sickness is mild nausea and vomiting that occurs in early pregnancy.
15
Q
Define Preeclampsia
A
- Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys.
- Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women whose blood pressure had been normal.
- Risk Factors: Kidney disease; Vitamin D deficiency…
- Symptoms: Weight gain; Edema; Hypertension
16
Q
Define
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
A
- Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture (breaking open) of the membranes (amniotic sac) before labor begins.
- If PROM occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
- PROM occurs in about 8 to 10 percent of all pregnancies.
17
Q
Define
Placenta previa
A
- Placenta previa occurs when a baby’s placenta partially or totally covers the mother’s cervix
- Placenta previa can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery.
- If you have placenta previa, you might bleed throughout your pregnancy and during your delivery.
18
Q
Define
Abruptio placentae
A
- Abruptio placentae is defined as the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus.
- Patients with abruptio placentae, also called placental abruption, typically present with bleeding, uterine contractions, and fetal distress.
19
Q
Define
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
A
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which a hormone made by the placenta prevents the body from using insulin effectively.
- Glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by the cells.
20
Q
Define
Amenorrhea
A
- Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods.
- Women who have missed at least three menstrual periods in a row have amenorrhea, as do girls who haven’t begun menstruation by age 15.
- The most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy
21
Q
Define
Glycosuria
A
- Glycosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine.
- Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream.
22
Q
Define
Goodell Sign
A
- Goodell sign is an indication of pregnancy.
- It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix from increased vascularization.
- This vascularization is a result of hypertrophy and engorgement of the vessels below the growing uterus.
- This sign occurs at approximately four weeks’ gestation.
23
Q
Define
Chadwick sign
A
- Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow.
- It can be observed as early as 6 to 8 weeks after conception, and its presence is an early sign of pregnancy.
24
Q
Define
Hegar’s sign
A
- Hegar’s sign is a non-sensitive indication of pregnancy in women — its absence does not exclude pregnancy.
- It pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus.
- It is demonstrated as a softening in the consistency of the uterus, and the uterus and cervix seem to be two separate regions.
- The sign is usually present from 4–6 weeks until the 12th week of pregnancy.
- Hegar’s sign is more difficult to recognize in multiparous women
25
Define
Braxton Hicks contractions
* Braxton Hicks contractions are sporadic contractions and relaxation of the uterine muscle.
* Sometimes, they are referred to as prodromal or “false labor" pains.
* It is believed they start around 6 weeks gestation but usually are not felt until the second or third trimester of the pregnancy.
26
Define
Ballottement
* Ballottement is a sharp upward pushing against the uterine wall with a finger inserted into the vagina for diagnosing pregnancy by feeling the return impact of the displaced fetus
