Terms

Question 1

measures Hardenability of steels. Hardenability is a measure of the capacity of a steel to be hardened in depth when quenched from its austenitizing temperature.

Answer 1

Jominy Test

Question 2

indicates the mechanical and/or heat treatment to which the alloy has been subjected

Answer 2

Temper designation

Question 3

produces an increase in strength with the
attendant decrease in ductility, because the metal strain hardens; advantages over
hot working include a higher-quality surface finish, better mechanical properties
and a greater variety of them, and closer dimensional control of the finished piece

Answer 3

Cold Working

Question 4

When deformation is achieved at a temperature above that at which recrystallization
occurs, the process is

Answer 4

Hot working

Question 5

qualitative measure of the rate at
which hardness drops off with distance into the interior of a specimen as a result
of diminished martensite content.

Answer 5

Hardenability

Question 6

Alloys that experience appreciable precipitation hardening at room temperature
and after relatively short time periods must be quenched to and stored under
refrigerated conditions. Several aluminum alloys that are used for rivets exhibit this
behavior

Answer 6

Natural aging

Question 7

is carried out at

elevated temperatures.

Answer 7

Artificial aging

Question 8

After pressing, many of the powder particles touch one another. necks form along the contact
regions between adjacent particles; in addition, a grain boundary forms within each neck, and every interstice between particles becomes a pore

Answer 8

Sintering

Question 9

the most common method for producing ceramic components. Comprised of a mixture of the ceramic material and various organic or inorganic additives, and then to fire it in a kiln to produce a strong, vitrified object

Answer 9

Green body

Question 10

Single Repeat unit of a polymer. 2 C-C chain bonds

Answer 10

Mer

Question 11

is used in reference to the outline or shape of the chain molecule

Answer 11

Polymer conformation

Question 12

This defect might be thought of as being created by removing one cation and
one anion from the interior of the crystal and then placing them both at an external
surface. Because both cations and anions have the same charge, and because for
every anion vacancy there exists a cation vacancy, the charge neutrality of the crystal
is maintained.

Answer 12

Schottky Defect

Question 13

Upon cooling, the glass transition corresponds to the gradual
transformation from a liquid to a rubbery material and finally to a rigid solid.
The temperature at which the polymer experiences the transition from rubbery to
rigid states is termed the

Answer 13

Glass transition (for polymers)

Question 14

Arangement of heads on a polymer

Answer 14

Tacticity

Question 15

Chains may be composed of two or more different

repeat units, in what are termed

Answer 15

Copolymer

Question 16

polymers, once they have hardened, will not soften

upon heating; their structures are crosslinked and network

Answer 16

Thermoset

Question 17

sum of the atomic weight of each of the atoms in the molecules, which is present in the polymer

Answer 17

Molecular weight (for polymer)

Question 18

A heat
treatment used to precipitate a new
phase from a supersaturated solid solution.
For precipitation hardening, it
is termed artificial aging

Answer 18

Precipitation heat treatment

Question 19

The state of having
exactly the same numbers of positive
and negative electrical charges

Answer 19

Electroneutrality

Question 20

A semiconductor
material for which the
electrical behavior is characteristic
of the pure material; that is, in which
electrical conductivity depends
only on temperature and the band
gap energy

Answer 20

Intrinsic Semiconductor

Question 21

A semiconducting
material for which the
electrical behavior is determined by
impurities.

Answer 21

Extrinsic Semiconductor

Question 22

For a metal, the
energy corresponding to the highest
filled electron state at 0 K.

Answer 22

Fermi energy

Question 23

a mobile electron or hole by which electric charge passes through a semiconductor

Answer 23

Charge carrier

Question 24

For semiconductors
and insulators, a vacant electron
state in the valence band that
behaves as a positive charge carrier
in an electric field

Answer 24

Hole

Question 25

of the material is the ratio of the product of the resistance and area to the length of the conductor. Property of the material

Answer 25

Resistivity

Question 26

characterises how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor, when pulled by an electric field. There is an analogous quantity for holes, called hole mobility. The term carrier mobility refers in general to both electron and hole mobility v(d) = uE

Answer 26

Charge carrier mobility

Question 27

is the ratio of the length and cross-section area of the conductor. Property of the object

Answer 27

Resistance

Question 28

the distance between the valence band of electrons and the conduction band. Essentially, the band gap represents the minimum energy that is required to excite an electron up to a state in the conduction band where it can participate in conduction

Answer 28

Electron band gap

Question 29

Extrinsic semiconductors (both n- and p-type) are produced from materials that
are initially of extremely high purity, commonly having total impurity contents on
the order of 107 at%. Controlled concentrations of specific donors or acceptors
are then intentionally added, using various techniques. Such an alloying process in
semiconducting materials is termed

Answer 29

Doping

Question 30

refers to the

small molecule from which a polymer is synthesized

Answer 30

Monomer

Question 31

Entire Chain

Answer 31

Polymer

Question 32

refers to the arrangement of atom positions along the chain that are not alterable except by the breaking and reforming

Answer 32

Configuration

Question 33

It might be
thought of as being formed by a cation leaving its normal position and moving into
an interstitial site. There is no change in charge because the cation maintains the
same positive charge as an interstitial

Answer 33

Frenkel Defect

Question 34

have linear and branched structures; they soften

when heated and harden when cooled.

Answer 34

Thermoplastic