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Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Allemande

A

“German dance”
4/4
Moderately fast
Eighth-note upbeat

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2
Q

Ariosto

A

Consisting of both recitative and aria elements

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3
Q

Bagatelle

A

“A trifle”
short piano piece
Usually in song form

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4
Q

Ballad or Ballade

A

1) a simple song
2) narrative poem set to music
3) instrumental or choral wrk patterned after the above

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5
Q

Perfect Authentic Cadence

A

V-I or V7-I
Both in root position
Root of the I in the highest voice

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6
Q

Perfect Plagal Cadence

A

IV-I
Both in root position
Root of the I in highest voice

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7
Q

Imperfect Cadence

A

V-I or V7-I
One or more of the chords is inverted
Or highest voice is not the root

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8
Q

Half Cadence

A

Ending on the V of major keys or III of minor keys

May also end on other degrees but not the tonic

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9
Q

Deceptive (or interrupted) Cadence

A

Type of half Cadence
Listener expects a perfect Cadence but it doesn’t end on the tonic
Examples: V-VI or V-IV

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10
Q

Caprice or Capriccio

A

Fanciful and irregular, freestyle, resembling the fantasia

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11
Q

Cassation

A

Instrumental serenades or suites intended for outdoor performance

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12
Q

Chaconne or Passacaglia

A

Set of variations derived from ground bass 4-8 measures long, usually in triple meter
Originally dances of Spanish origin

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13
Q

Chorale

A

German hymn developed by Martin Luther

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14
Q

Chorale Prelude
(Chorale Elaboration)
(Chorale Figuration)

A

Elaboration of a chorale melody for the organ, used in Lutheran services as a prelude to singing the chorale

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15
Q

Concerto

A

Large work for soloist with orchestra, usually in 3 movements, the first being sonata-allegro

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16
Q

Concerto Grosso

Ripieno

A

Form originating in late 17th Century

Small group of solo instruments accompanied by a large group

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17
Q

Courante

A

“Running dance”
Classic dance in rapid tempo
3/4 or 6/4
Upbeat of one quarter note or three eighth notes

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18
Q

Divertimento

A

18th century suite
Small instrumental combinations
Intended for outdoor use

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19
Q

Episode

A

Interlude between subjects in a fugue

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20
Q

Codetta

A

Coda for final Cadence, bringing section of work to a close

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21
Q

Foxtrot

A

4/4 or cut time
For ballroom dancing
Played by modern dance band

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22
Q

Fugato

A

Passage in fugal style but in a non-fugal composition

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23
Q

Fughetta

A

Short fugue

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24
Q

Answers

A

Statements of the fugue in dominant after the original statement in the tonic

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25
Q

Counter-subject

A

Counterpoint to fugue used consistently

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26
Q

Repercussion

A

Statement of the subject by all voices in a different order of appearance from that of the exposition

27
Q

Gallop

A

Lovely dance

2/4 meter

28
Q

Gavotte

A

Dance with 2 lively strains
4/4
Upbeat of 2 quarter notes

29
Q

Gigue

Gigs

A

Classic dance
6/8 or 12/8
Rapid tempo
Second part begins with inversion of main theme

30
Q

Invention

A

Bach

15 keyboard pieces in 2 parts

31
Q

Lied

A

German art song
Effective union of music with words
Strophic lied = same music for each stanza
Through-composed (durchkomponiert) lied = each voice is set differently

32
Q

Madrigal

A

Vocal music in 2-3 parts, chamber music

33
Q

Mass

A

1) Kyrie eleison
2) Gloria
3) Credo
4) Sanctus
5) Benedictus
6) Agnis Dei

34
Q

Mazurka

A

Polish dance
3/4 or 3/8 meter
Emphasis on 2nd or 3rd best of the measure

35
Q

Minuet

A

Europe 1650 - 1800
3/4 moderate tempo
Displaced by scherzo in symphony
3-part song form, sometimes 2

36
Q

Motet

A

Polyphonic choral piece setting Latin religious words other than mass
16C

37
Q

Overture

A 
Italian = fast, slow, fast
French = slow, fast, slow
38
Q

Partita

A

Elaborate suite with different types of movements

39
Q

Passage

A

When a motive is used sequentially in a florid manner or dissolved into a scale or arpeggio for the sake of brilliance

40
Q

Passepied

A

Rapid dance

3 beats per measure with upbeat of 1 beat

41
Q

Passion

A 
Tenor = narrator “evangelist”
Bass = Christ accompanied by strings
42
Q

Polka

A

Lively Bohemian or Polish dance
2/4
1st three eighth notes accented, fourth unaccented
Similar to Schottische

43
Q

Polonaise

A

Stately Polish dance
3/4
Each beat divided into 2 eighth notes with last half of first beat divided into 16th notes
Secondary stress on beat 2

44
Q

Recapitulation

A 
Fugue = recapitulation, extension (coda), final cadence 
Sonata = recapitulation, retransition, coda
45
Q

Retransition

A

Prepares listener for recapitulation after development

Tends to dwell on the Dominant

46
Q

Rigaudon

A

Old dance
Duplex meter
Southern France

47
Q

Rondo

A

Large form
Contrast of man in theme with subordinate theme
Theme A usually small song form
Small (first) rondo = theme, digression, elaborate restatement of theme, coda. Slow
Old (second) rondo = rapid, 2+ digressions, one of which in remote key
New (third) rondo = rapid, returns to first digression (A-B-A-C-A-B-A)

48
Q

Sarabande

A

Spanish dance
Slow 3/4 or 3/2
Second best accented or lengthened

49
Q

Scherzo

A

Triple meter

Fast

50
Q

Sonata-allegro

A

Large form
1st movement of sonatas, etc.
Usually 2 themes, one heroic and one lyrical, in contrasting keys, bridge from one to another and then to cadence to development. Recapitulation has both themes in same key. Coda.

51
Q

Sonata

A

Large form
Usually 4 movements, each in large form
1) Sonata-allegro
2) small rondo or other slow movement in related key
3) minuet or scherzo in another related key
4) rondo or sonata-allegro in main key

3-mvt works usually omit minuet
Theme with variation may replace any movement

52
Q

Stretto

A

Imitation, frequent in fugues
Second player begins imitation while first statement is still in progress
Increases tension

53
Q

Suite

A

1) set of dances, usually consisting of Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, and Gigue
May be intro and other dances
2) set of pieces for open air performance
3) set of theatrical pieces or pieces that share occasion, key, or theme

54
Q

Tarantelle/Tarantella

A

Rapid Italian dance

6/8

55
Q

Toccata

A

Usually a piece to display rapid technique on a keyboard instrument

56
Q

Ground Bass Variation

A

Variation form where ground bass line remains the same throughout.

57
Q

Waltz

A

Triple meter
Origination in Germany
Slow intro, 4-5 separate waltzes of two strains, trio, da capo, extended coda with recapitulation, flourishing ending

58
Q

String Quartet

A

2 violins
Viola
Violoncello

59
Q

Piano Quartet

A

Piano
Violin
Viola
Violoncello

60
Q

Full dance orchestra

A

5 sax - 2 altos, 2 tenors, bari (each doubling clarinet or other woodwind)
6-8 brass, divided evenly between tpt and tbn
4-man rhythm

61
Q

Stock dance orchestra

A

3-4 sax
3-4 brass
4 rhythm

62
Q

Small tenor band

A 
3 ten sax
Tpt
Piano
String bass
Drums
63
Q

Dixieland band

A 
Trumpet
Clarinet
Ten sax (opt)
Trombone
Rhythm

Navy Music Forms (4 decks)

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