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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Excessive Sweating

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2
Q

Diplopia

A

Double Vision

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3
Q

Photophobia

A

Intolerance or pain due to light

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4
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in Ears

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5
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny Nose

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6
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose Bleed

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7
Q

Dysphagia

A

Discomfort when swallowing

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8
Q

Palpitations

A

Rapid, strong, irregular or fluttering heartbeat

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9
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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10
Q

Orthopnea

A

dyspnea when laying flat

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11
Q

Edema

A

Swelling due to excess fluid collecting in tissue

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12
Q

Sputum

A

Phlegm/Mucous

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13
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Spitting up blood

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14
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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15
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright red blood in stool

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16
Q

Melena

A

Dark, tarry stool

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17
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or burning urination

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18
Q

Nocturia

A

Waking up to urinate at night

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19
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

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20
Q

Myalgias

A

Diffuse muscle pain

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21
Q

Parasthesia

A

pins and needs especially in hands and feet

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22
Q

syncope/syncopal episode

A

Loss of consciouness or fainting

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23
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive uriniating especially due to poorly controlled diabetes

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24
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst especially due to poorly controlled diabetes

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25
Q

PPD

A

packs per day

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26
Q

cachectic

A

Patient appears thin. Weakness/wasting due to severe illness

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27
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane that covers the front of eye and lines eyelids

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28
Q

Sclera

A

White part of eye

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29
Q

EOMI

A

Extraocular Movements intact

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30
Q

Papilledema

A

Optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure

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31
Q

Fundi

A

interior lining of eyeball

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32
Q

Exopthalmos

A

Eyes or eyeball potrudes forward in the head

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33
Q

Scleral Icterus

A

Sclera of eye is yellow

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34
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary Eye movement

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35
Q

Auricle

A

External portion of the ear

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36
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear Wax

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37
Q

External Ear Canal

A

Tube from external ear to ear drum

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38
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

Eardrum

Eardrum

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39
Q

Hemotympanum

A

Blood in tympanic cavity of middle ear

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40
Q

Nares

A

Nostrils

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41
Q

Edentulous

A

No Teeth

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42
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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43
Q

Uvula

A

Structure between tonsils that hangs in back of throat

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44
Q

Pharyngeal Erythema

A

Red throat

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45
Q

Tonsillar Exudate

A

Pus

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46
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh vibrating sound when breathing

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47
Q

Thryomegaly

A

Enlargement of the thyroid

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48
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of lymph nodes

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49
Q

Tachycardia

A

heart rate above 100bpm

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50
Q

bradycardia

A

heart rate below 60 bpm

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51
Q

Ectopy

A

Extra heart beat outside of normal rhythm. Premature atrial contraction is PAC and premature ventricle contraction is PVC

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52
Q

Carotid Bruit

A

sound hear over carotid artery due to decreased blood flow

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53
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Pulse

A

DP Pulse, Found on top of foot

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54
Q

Femoral Pulse

A

Pulse found in groin

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55
Q

Pitting Edema

A

Indention from pressing stays from some time rated between 1+ and 4+

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56
Q

Auscultation

A

Act of listening to lungs with stethoscope

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57
Q

Bibasilar

A

At base of both lungs

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58
Q

Rales

A

Abnormal breath sound heard with stethoscope

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59
Q

Crackles

A

Abnormal breath sound heard with stethoscope

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60
Q

Rhonchi

A

Abnormal whistling sound heard with stethoscope

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61
Q

Accessory Muscle Use

A

Patients in respiratory distress use neck muscles to breathe. Should be no use in healthy patient.

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62
Q

Retractions

A

Intercostal muscles attached to ribs are sucked sharply inside due to pressure decrease

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63
Q

Tripod position or Tripoding

A

Patient in respiratory distress supports self with arms while sitting

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64
Q

Tachypnea

A

“Ta-chip-nia” Abnormal rapid breathing

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65
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping on chest

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66
Q

Umbilicus

A

Belly Button

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67
Q

Periumbilical

A

Around belly button

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68
Q

Epigastric

A

mid abdomen just above belly button

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69
Q

Guarding

A

tensing of abdomen muscles to protect inflamed organs from pain due to pushing

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70
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

pain upon release of pushing instead of upon pushing

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71
Q

Peritoneal signs

A

Example Guarding and Rebound tenderness. Indicates abnormality with peritoneal cavity (lining of abdomen)

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72
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

When patient cannot inspire while physicians hands are below gallbladder (sign of Cholecystitus)

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73
Q

Cholecystitus

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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74
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

Point over right side of abdomen about 1/3 distance from iliac crest to belly button and approximately over appendix

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75
Q

Obturator sign

A

Examiner rotates leg and knee. Pain resulting could be appendicitis

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76
Q

Psoas’s Sign

A

Patient flexes thigh at hip and pain resulting could be appendicitis

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77
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

Palpation of LLQ results in pain at RLQ. Indicates Appendicitis

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78
Q

Hyperactive Bowel Sounds

A

Loud bowel sounds

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79
Q

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds

A

Decreased bowel sounds

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80
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlarged Spleen

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81
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged Liver

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82
Q

Hepaosplenomegaly

A

Enlarged liver and spleen

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83
Q

Ascites

A

Acculmation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing swelling

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84
Q

Rectal Tone

A

Tone of muscles controlling rectum

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85
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen or inflamed veins in rectum and anus that can cause discomfort and bleeding

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86
Q

Guaiac Test

A

A test for invisible amounts of blood in stool

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87
Q

Hernia

A

A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening

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88
Q

Reductible hernia

A

hernia that can be pushed back into abdomen with manual pressure

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89
Q

Incarcerated hernia

A

Hernia that cannot be pushed back into abdomen with manual pressure

90
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Intestines protrude through abdominal muscles at belly button

91
Q

Ingunial

A

groin region

92
Q

Perineum

A

Skin between anus and reproductive organs

93
Q

Vaginal Vault

A

Inside vagina

94
Q

Cervical Os

A

opening of the cervix

95
Q

Certical Motion Tenderness (CMT)

A

Patient experiences tenderness around cervix during bimanual pelvic exam

96
Q

Gravid

A

Pregnant

97
Q

Adnexa

A

Structure used to connect organs. Typically refers to adnexa of the uterus i.e. the ovaries and fallopian tubes

98
Q

A&Ox3

A

Alert and orientated. Patient is awake and knowns name, location and date.

99
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A

Neurological scale between 3 (deeply unconscious) to 15 (normal state)

100
Q

Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)

A

Muscle tendon tapped with hammer. Normal reflex is 2+. Weakened it 0 or 1+ and heightened is 3+ or 4+

101
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Given Roman Numerals I -XII

102
Q

Ataxia

A

neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination (example ataxic gait)

103
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of body

104
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of body

105
Q

Romberg’s test

A

Patient closes eyes. If they fail to maintain balance than they have a problem with proprioception (ability to know one’s body in space)

106
Q

Pronator drift

A

Inability for patient to hold arms out at shoulder with palms up.

107
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Inability for patient to produce language (spoken or written)

108
Q

Dysarthria

A

Slurred speech

109
Q

Olecranon

A

Elbow

110
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint (MPC joint)

A

Joint between Metacarpals and phalanges of fingers

111
Q

Proximal Interphalangeal joint (PIP Joint)

A

Joint between first and intermediate fingers

112
Q

Distal Interphalangeal joint (DIP Joint)

A

Joint between distal phalangeal joint

113
Q

Snuff Box

A

Triangular deepening of the hand

114
Q

Malleolus

A

bony prominance of ankle

115
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel Bone

116
Q

Above/Below Knee Amputation abbreviations

A

AKA vs BKA

117
Q

Joint Effusion

A

Increased intra-articular fluid and swelling commonly involving knee joint

118
Q

Nail Clubbing

A

deformity of finger and toes

119
Q

No Step Offs

A

A step off is a slipped vertebrae sticking out of the spine

120
Q

Kyphosis

A

A forward rounding of the back

121
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of spinal canal

122
Q

Foraminal stenosis

A

Narrowing of passages between each vertebrae where nerves enter/exit

123
Q

Herniated disc

A

Soft center of spinal disc pushes through exterior casing

124
Q

Straight Leg Raise

A

Test of herniated disc

125
Q

Sciatica

A

Low back pain

126
Q

CVA Tenderness

A

Tenderness in back over kidneys

127
Q

Supple

A

Neck can be bent and it not stiff

128
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

Neck stiffness

129
Q

Brudzinski’s Sign

A

Test for meningitis. Hips and knees flex when neck is flexed

130
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Test for meningitis. Severe stiffness of hamstrings

131
Q

Meningismus

A

Any clinical sign of meningitis.

132
Q

Intercostal space

A

Space between 2 ribs

133
Q

Crepitus

A

Grating, crackling, or popping sounds under skin and joints

134
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives, Skin rash

135
Q

Blanching rash

A

dissapears when pressed

136
Q

Tinea

A

ringworm. Contagious fungal infection of skin or scalp

137
Q

Turgor

A

Skin snaps back to normal elastic position

138
Q

Lesion

A

wound

139
Q

Laceration

A

deep wound

140
Q

Abrasion

A

scrape or scratch

141
Q

Erythema/Erythematous

A

Redness of skin

142
Q

Purulent

A

Pus

143
Q

Induration

A

inflamed and skin feels hard. Means there is no pus

144
Q

Fluctuance

A

inflamed and skin feels soft when touched

145
Q

Eccymosis

A

Bruising

146
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue color of skin

147
Q

Petechiae

A

skin spots

148
Q

Purpura

A

Purple spots

149
Q

Hypertension

A

BP 140/90 or above. Severe is 180/120

150
Q

Hyperlipidema/Dyslipidema/Hypercholesterolema

A

High Cholesterol

151
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

A COPD where airflow is blocked by mucus.

152
Q

Emysema

A

A COPD with destruction and enlargement of air spaces

153
Q

Pulmonary Ebolism

A

Blood clot in lung

154
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Acid reflux

155
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Sore in esophagus, stomach or sm intestine

156
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver damage with scarring

157
Q

Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff)

A

Inflammation of the colon due to bacteria clostridium difficile. Highly contagious and causes diarrhea

158
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Viral infection of the liver

159
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Serious viral infection of the liver

160
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Viral infection of the liver

161
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

162
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease

163
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney due to bacterial infection

164
Q

Nephrolithiasis / Renal Calculi

A

Kidney stones

165
Q

Bening Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH)

A

Age-associated enlargement of prostate that can cause urination difficulty

166
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

stroke

167
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

Mini-stroke

168
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

viral weakness of one side of face that resolves in 6 mo

169
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Compression or inflammation of spinal nerve

170
Q

Osteopenia

A

Beginning of osteoporosis

171
Q

Metastatic Cancer

A

Cancer that has spread from point of origin

172
Q

Aneurysm

A

widening of an artery due to pressure on weakened walls forming a blood sack that may burst

173
Q

Mitral Valve prolapse

A

impoper closing of mitral valve (LA and LV)

174
Q

Atelectasis

A

Complete or partial collapse of one lung lobe

175
Q

Cellulitis

A

Common bacterial skin infection

176
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

177
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Gallbladder inflammation

178
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Bulging pouches develop in digestive tract

179
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of digestive tract

180
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of stomach lining

181
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

182
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Stomach Flu

183
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Buildup of fluid between tissues that line the lungs and chest

184
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapse of lung where air leaks to space between lung and chest wall

185
Q

Hemothorax

A

blood in lungs

186
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High potassium

187
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low sodium

188
Q

Menigitis

A

Inflammation of brain and spinal cord

189
Q

Sinusitis

A

Sinus infection

190
Q

Strepotoccal Pharyngitis

A

Strep throat

191
Q

Psoriasis

A

Scaly skin on head

192
Q

Benign Positional Vertigo

A

Episodes of dizziness with certain head movements

193
Q

Angia

A

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

194
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of cartilage between ribs and breastbone

195
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Removal of tonsils

196
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Removal of adenoid

197
Q

Cardiac Catheterizatioin

A

Catheter is placed in artery to diagnose heart disease

198
Q

Cardioversion

A

Converting tachycardia or bradycardia to normal rhythm

199
Q

Cardiac Ablation

A

catheter is inserted in groin and goes to heart to correct structural problems

200
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Removal of lump from breast tissue

201
Q

Lobectomy

A

removal of lung lobe

202
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

removal of gallbladder

203
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Treatment using ultrasound shock to break up kidney stone

204
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Removal of ovaries

205
Q

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

A

Treatment for hydrocephalus where shunt drains excess fluid

206
Q

Arteriovenous Fistula (may also use graft if body doesn’t allow fistula)

A

Creation of abnormal connection between artery and vein for hemodialysis

207
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Purification of blood for patient whose kidneys are not functional

208
Q

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

A

IV line placed outside of body

209
Q

Port-a-Cath

A

Surgically inserted catheter near clavicle for reagular intravenous application

210
Q

Greenfield Filter

A

Filter implanted to inferior Vena Cava to hopefully trap blood clots

211
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical improvement of a joint

212
Q

Surpine

A

Laying flat on back facing upward

213
Q

Transverse

A

Line dividing body into upper and lower sections

214
Q

Midline

A

Divides body into left and right sections

215
Q

Supination

A

Turning palms of hands upwards

216
Q

Pronation

A

Turning palms of hands downwards

217
Q

Abduction

A

A motion where body part goes away from body

218
Q

Adduction

A

A motion where body part goes towards the body

219
Q

Parietal Region

A

Top of head

220
Q

Temporal region

A

Side of head

Medical Scribing (2 decks)

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