Terms

Question 1

Tiberius and Gaius

Answer 1

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were a pair of tribunes of the plebs from the 2nd Century BCE, who sought to introduce land reform and other populist legislation in ancient Rome.

Question 2

Client Army

Answer 2

An army where the soldiers are more loyal to the leader than the state they fight for

Question 3

Augustus

Answer 3

Leader furing Pax Romana

Question 4

Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Answer 4

The Julio-Claudian dynasty was the first Roman imperial dynasty, consisting of the first five emperors—Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero

Question 5

Nero

Answer 5

He became infamous for his personal debaucheries and extravagances and, on doubtful evidence, for his burning of Rome and persecutions of Christians.

Question 6

Suetonius

Answer 6

oman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include De viris illustribus (“Concerning Illustrious Men”), a collection of short biographies of celebrated Roman literary figures, and De vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars). The latter book, seasoned with bits of gossip and scandal relating to the lives of the first 11 emperors, secured him lasting fame.

Question 7

Josephus

Answer 7

Flavius Josephus, original name Joseph Ben Matthias, (born AD 37/38, Jerusalem—died AD 100, Rome), Jewish priest, scholar, and historian who wrote valuable works on the Jewish revolt of 66–70 and on earlier Jewish history.

Question 8

Paul

Answer 8

Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age[9][10] and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister to both Jewish and Roman audiences.

Question 9

Pliny’s letters

Answer 9

The largest surviving body of Pliny’s work is his Epistulae (Letters), a series of personal missives directed to his friends and associates. These letters are a unique testimony of Roman administrative history and everyday life in the 1st century AD. Especially noteworthy among the letters are two in which he describes the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in August 79, during which his uncle Pliny the Elder died (Epistulae VI.16, VI.20), and one in which he asks the Emperor for instructions regarding official policy concerning Christians (Epistulae X.96).

Question 10

Martyrs of Lyon

Answer 10

The persecution in Lyon in AD 177 was a persecution of Christians in Lugdunum, Roman Gaul (present-day Lyon, France), during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180). The sole account of this persecution is a letter preserved in Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History, book 5, chapter 1.
The persecution in Lyon in AD 177 was a persecution of Christians in Lugdunum, Roman Gaul (present-day Lyon, France), during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180). The sole account of this persecution is a letter preserved in Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History, book 5, chapter 1.

Question 11

Apuleius

Answer 11

wrote golden ass

Question 12

Manumission

Answer 12

is the act of an owner freeing his or her slaves.

Question 13

Asclepius

Answer 13

In Greek mythology Asclepius (or Asklepios) was a demi-god hero as he was the son of divine Apollo, and his mother was the mortal Koronis from Thessaly

Question 14

This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.
Monte Testaccio

Answer 14

Monte Testaccio
Testaccio monte dei cocci 051204-12-13.JPG
Location Regione XIII Aventinus
Built in 1st century BC (?) to
3rd century AD
Type of structure Waste mound
Related List of ancient monuments
in Rome
Monte Testaccio is located in Rome Monte TestaccioMonte Testaccio
Monte Testaccio (alternatively spelled Monte Testaceo; also known as Monte dei cocci) is an artificial mound in Rome composed almost entirely of testae (Italian: cocci), fragments of broken amphorae dating from the time of the Roman Empire, some of which were labelled with tituli picti.

Question 15

Ostia Antica

Answer 15

Ostia Antica is a large archeological site, close to the modern suburb of Ostia, that is the location of the harbour city of ancient Rome, 15 miles (25 kilometers) southwest of Rome. “Ostia” (plur. of “ostium”) is a derivation of “os”, the Latin word for “mouth”

Question 16

Public baths

Answer 16

As in Greece, the Roman bath became a focal center for social and recreational activity.

Question 17

Third Century Crisis

Answer 17

The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (AD 235–284), was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. The crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander by his own troops in 235, initiating a 50-year period during which there were at least 26 claimants to the title of emperor, mostly prominent Roman army generals, who assumed imperial power over all or part of the Empire. The same number of men became accepted by the Roman Senate as emperor during this period and so became legitimate emperors.

Question 18

Eusebius

Answer 18

During the Council of Antiochia (325) he was excommunicated for subscribing to the heresy of Arius,[2] and thus withdrawn during the First Council of Nicaea where he accepted that the Homoousion referred to the Logos. Never recognized as a Saint, he became counselor of Constantine the Great, and with the bishop of Nicomedia he continued to polemicize against Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, Church Fathers, since he was condemned in the First Council of Tyre in 335

Question 19

Sol Invictus

Answer 19

was the official sun god of the later Roman Empire and a patron of soldiers. On 25 December 274 AD the Roman emperor Aurelian made it an official cult alongside the traditional Roman cults.

Question 20

Diocletian

Answer 20

Diocletian separated and enlarged the empire’s civil and military services and reorganized the empire’s provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the empire. He established new administrative centres in Nicomedia, Mediolanum, Sirmium, and Trier, closer to the empire’s frontiers than the traditional capital at Rome. Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, he styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire’s masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture. Bureaucratic and military growth, constant campaigning, and construction projects increased the state’s expenditures and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform. From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates.

Question 21

Zosimus

Answer 21

a Greek historian who lived in Constantinople during the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I (491–518). According to Photius, he was a comes, and held the office of “advocate” of the imperial treasury.[1] Zosimus was also known for condemning Constantine’s rejection of the pagan gods.

Question 22

Chi Rho

Answer 22

The Chi-Rho symbol was used by the Roman emperor Constantine I (r. 306–337) as part of a military standard (vexillum). Constantine’s standard was known as the Labarum. Early symbols similar to the Chi Rho were the Staurogram (Christliche Symbolik (Menzel) I 193 2.jpg) and the IX monogram (Christliche Symbolik (Menzel) I 193 4.jpg).

Question 23

Battle of the Milvian Bridge

Answer 23

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge took place between the Roman Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius on 28 October 312. It takes its name from the Milvian Bridge, an important route over the Tiber. Constantine won the battle and started on the path that led him to end the Tetrarchy and become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. Maxentius drowned in the Tiber during the battle; his body was later taken from the river and decapitated, and his head was paraded through the streets of Rome on the day following the battle.[2]

Question 24

Nicene Creed

Answer 24

a statement of belief widely used in Christian liturgy

Question 25

Council of Nicea

Answer 25

the first ecumenical council of the Christian church, meeting in ancient Nicaea

Question 26

Asceticism/

Answer 26

severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.

Question 27

Monasticism

Answer 27

or monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

Question 28

Hypatia

Answer 28

was a Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician,[6] who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Eastern Roman Empire.[7] She was the head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria, where she taught philosophy and astronomy.[8][9][10] She is the first female mathematician whose life is reasonably well recorded.

Question 29

Byzantine Empire

Answer 29

was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople

Question 30

Arab Conquestst

Answer 30

The Muslim conquests brought about the collapse of the Sassanid Empire and a great territorial loss for the Byzantine Empire. `

Question 31

Edward Gibbon

Answer 31

was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788 and is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its open criticism of organised religion.