Terms

Question 1

opera buffa

Answer 1

• Galuppi = originator of opera buffa (1740’s)
• Pergolesi = comic opera (La serva padrona – War of the Buffoons)
• between bass and soprano
• early Comic opera
• rapid-fire recitative
• formally complex
• finale is dramatic, confusing but leads to peaceful resolution
• applied to Italian works between 1750 and 1860

Question 2

fantasia

Answer 2

• CPE Bach (Fantasia in C Minor)
• transcends words
• instrumental
• structurally free
• imitates vocal idioms without the use of words
• composed improvisation
• varied rhythm
• harmonically wayward

Question 3

periodic phrasing

Answer 3

• W.F. Bach (Sonata in F)
• symmetry
• periods are equal
• antecedent and consequent

Question 4

empfindsamer Stil

Answer 4

• CPE Bach (Fantasia in C Minor)
• German
• sensible style
• “susceptible to sensations”
• meant to express true and natural human emotion
• transcends text
• instrumental recitative

Question 5

imbroglio

Answer 5

• Pergolesi (La serva padrona), Rossini (L’Italiana in Algeri)
• the tangle
• comic opera
• greatest plot confusion leading to disentanglement and resolution

Question 6

Sturm und Drang

Answer 6

• Haydn (Farewell Symphony)
• German
• mid-1770’s
• literary origins
• storm and stress
• expresses violent emotional change
• very dramatic

Question 7

sonata form

Answer 7

• Haydn (London Symphony)
• 1780’s
• fast first movement, slow second movement, dance like third, and brief fast finale.
• has three main parts : exposition, development and recapitulation

Question 8

exposition

Answer 8

• Haydn
• first part of sonata form
• repeats
• thematically similar to recapitulation
• introduces theme
• I — V

Question 9

development

Answer 9

• Haydn
• middle of sonata form
• follows exposition
• develops one or more themes from exposition
• V — I
• short

Question 10

recapitulation

Answer 10

• Haydn
• last part of sonata form
• thematically similar to exposition
• restates theme
• ends in the tonic

Question 11

rondo form

Answer 11

• Haydn (London Symphony)
• common for last movement in symphonies.
• simple
• lively opening theme alternates with episodes.

Question 12

theme and variations form

Answer 12

• Schumann
• taking a theme and bringing it back in different variations
• key, tempo, time signature etc can vary from variation to variation

Question 13

thematic work

Answer 13

• Haydn (Farewell Symphony)

- instrumental music to get a message across

Question 14

cadenza

Answer 14

• Mozart (Piano concerto in G Major)
• soloist’s embellishment before ritornello
• display of virtuosic ability
• rhythmically free

Question 15

Romanticism

Answer 15

• Mozart (early), beethoven
• Sublime
• more about making art for art’s sake
• expression of true genius
• music transcending the beautiful

Question 16

organicism

Answer 16

• Beethoven (5th Symphony

- all movements grow from a single idea

Question 17

program music

Answer 17

• Beethoven, Berlioz
• music with elaborate back ground story
• extramusical references for audience

Question 18

bel canto

Answer 18

• Bellini, Rossini
• fine singer
• Italian operatic style in Romanticism
• virtuosic coloratura
• louder and more dramatic orchestra

Question 19

Rossini’s scena form

Answer 19

• Rossini
• dramatic
• cantabile, cabaletta, tempo di mezzo

Question 20

cantabile

Answer 20

• italian
• lyrical effusion
• song-like
• instrumental chamber music

Question 21

tempo di mezzo

Answer 21

• Italian
• middle movement
• intervention of dialogue characters with soloist

Question 22

cabaletta

Answer 22

• Italian
• brilliant conclusion
• duet
• fast

Question 23

stretta

Answer 23

• Italian
• anticipated vocal entires
• subject and answer

Question 24

Grand Opera

Answer 24

• Scribe, Meyerbeer
• Romantic
• serious theme
• five acts
• everything is sung, even dialogue
• recitative, fully accompanied
• ballet
• virtuosity
• historic, heroic and tragic story
• large casts
• even characters of low birth join in on the heroism

Question 25

virtuosity

Answer 25

• Paganini (Caprice)

- showing off great musical skills

Question 26

idée fixe

Answer 26

• Berlioz (Symphony Fantastique)

- fixed musical idea that recurs obsessively

Question 27

rubato

Answer 27

• Chopin, first to use it as performance direction
• the altering of note values in melody within pulse
• expressive nuances

Question 28

mazurka

Answer 28

• Chopin (Mazurka)
• Polish dance
• fast, triple time
• mood and emotion vary extremely

Question 29

endless melody

Answer 29

• Wagner (Tristan und Isolde)
• a seamless stream of notes
• thematic and meaningful

Question 30

leitmotif

Answer 30

• Wagner
• recurring, recognisable theme or musical idea
• represents a person place or idea in a narrative context

Question 31

opera fantasy

Answer 31

• Liszt, reworked music by Berlioz and Wagner
• freer adaptation
• operatic
• recasting original operatic musical material in a new composition

Question 32

absolute music

Answer 32

• Berlioz
• instrumental music
• not intended to represent anything else, its just music
• open to interpretation, unlike program music