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Old Testament Test 1 > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abraham

A

The chief ancestor of Israel through his son Isaac. First called “Abram,” meaning “exalted father.

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2
Q

Absalom

A

The son of David who leads an uprising against his father but who is killed by David’s general Joab.

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3
Q

Amos

A

A prophet from Judea who critiqued social injustice in the northern kingdom of Israel.

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4
Q

Apostle to the Gentiles

A

Paul

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5
Q

Baal

A

A Canaanite fertility god of storm and rain.

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6
Q

Balaam

A

A fortune-teller whom Balak, king of Moab, hired to curse the Israelites,but whom Yahweh caused to pronounce a blessing on Israel instead.

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7
Q

Bathsheba

A

The wife of Uriah, a Hittite soldier whose death David arranged in order to marry her, and the mother of Solomon.

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8
Q

CE/BCE

A

Common Era/Before Common Era

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9
Q

Covenant

A

An agreement, vow, or treaty made between two people or between Godand a person or group of people.

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10
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

The founder of the Persian Empire and conqueror of Babylon (539 BCE)who liberated the Jews from captivity and encouraged their return to Jerusalem.

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11
Q

Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)

A

The annual ceremony when Judah’s High Priest offered animal sacrifices for the people’s collective sins in order to reconcile them to God.

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12
Q

Day of Yahweh

A

A theological concept derived from the ancient Israelite belief that on a future day Yahweh would judge all nations in the earth.

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13
Q

Deborah

A

A woman judge and prophet who, with Barak, helped lead the Israelites to a victory over Canaanite enemies.

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14
Q

Deuteronomistic History (DH)

A

Historical narratives in Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings that emphasize the principles of Deuteronomy.

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15
Q

Deutero-Pauline Epistles

A

Colossians, Ephesians, and II Thessalonians

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16
Q

Documentary Hypothesis

A

A scholarly theory that the Pentateuch is not the work of one author, such as Moses, but the product of many generations of anonymous scribes and editors (J, E, D, P).

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17
Q

El, Elohim (pl.)

A

A Semitic term for a divine being.

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18
Q

Elijah

A

A northern kingdom prophet who challenged the cults of Baal.

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19
Q

Etiology

A

A statement or narrative that explains the origin of something (why things are the way they are).

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20
Q

Genealogy

A

A mini-history of descent, for either an individual or a group, listing a succession of fathers and sons.

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21
Q

Hagar

A

Sarah’s Egyptian slave who bore Abraham’s son Ishmael and whom Yahweh rescued after Sarah jealously expelled her from Abraham’s household

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22
Q

Hezekiah

A

The Judean king who ruled during the Assyrian crisis (c. 715-686 BCE) and is commended in Kings for his religious reforms.

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23
Q

Holiness Code

A

A group of chapters in the second half of Leviticus that emphasizes YHWH’s holiness and outlines specific procedures that Israelites must follow to exemplify holiness in their interactions with each other.

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24
Q

Hosea

A

A prophet whose marriage to a prostitute functioned as a metaphor for God’s relationship with unfaithful Israel.

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25
Q

Isaac

A

The son of Abraham and Sarah.

26
Q

Isaiah of Jerusalem

A

A southern kingdom prophet active when Assyria destroyed Israel; his writings contain advice to Davidic kings during this period and are found in the first half of the book bearing his name.

27
Q

Ishmael

A

The son of Abraham and Sarah’s slave Hagar; later, he is regarded as the father of the Arab peoples.

28
Q

Jacob

A

The younger, wittier twin of Isaac and Rebekah who changed his name to Israel after encountering God. Father of twelve sons, the ancestors of Israel’s twelve tribes.

29
Q

Jericho

A

One of the world’s oldest cities. It is biblically stated to have been a heavily fortified city during Joshua’s conquest of Canaan.

30
Q

Jeroboam (I)

A

The first ruler of the ten northern tribes after their secession from the Davidic monarchy.

31
Q

Joshua

A

Military leader of the Israelites after Moses’ death.

32
Q

Josiah

A

King of Judah who led a major religious reform that resonated with the principles of Deuteronomy.

33
Q

Judah

A

The southern kingdom named after one of the tribes that remained loyal to the Davidic dynasty when the ten northern tribes seceded.

34
Q

Justification by Faith

A

Defined by Paul who stated faith in Christ’s power to save had replaced the Mosaic Law as the means to a right relationship with God.

35
Q

Micah

A

A Judean prophet who denounced the corruptions of urban life andpredicted Jerusalem’s fall.

36
Q

Mosaic Covenant

A

An agreement mediated by Moses between Yahweh and the nation of Israel that Israel would keep the laws enumerated in the Torah.

37
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

The most powerful ruler of the Neo-Babylonian Empire who destroyed Jerusalem in 587 BCE and deported many of its leading citizens to Mesopotamia.

38
Q

Passover

A

A Jewish commemoration of the last night the Israelites were in bondagein Egypt when they were protected from the Angel of Death.

39
Q

Pastoral Epistles

A

1 and 2 Timothy and Titus; most scholars deny Pauline authorship of these works.

40
Q

Paul’s seven authentic epistles

A

Romans; 1st and 2nd Corinthians; Galatians; Philippians; 1stThessalonians; Philemon

41
Q

Philistines

A

A people from the Aegean Sea islands who settled along the southerncoast of Palestine to become the Israelites’ chief rivals during the period of the judges and early monarchy.

42
Q

Q (Quelle) document

A

A hypothetical document that many scholars believe contained acollection of Jesus’ sayings.

43
Q

Redaction Criticism

A

A method of analyzing written texts that tries to define the purpose and literary procedures of editors who compile and revise older documents.

44
Q

Samaria

A

The capital of the northern kingdom that was destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BCE.

45
Q

Samson

A

A Nazirite judge of Israel famous for his exceptional strength, love affairwith Delilah, and destruction of the Philistine temple of Dagon.

46
Q

Samuel

A

The last judge of Israel as well as a prophet and priest who played a majorrole in establishing Israel’s monarchy.

47
Q

Sarah

A

The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac.

48
Q

Saul

A

Israel’s first king, anointed by Samuel to meet the Philistine crisis.

49
Q

Scapegoat

A

A sacrificial goat upon whose head Israel’s High Priest placed the people’s collective sins on the Day of Atonement, after which the goat was sent into the desert to Azazel.

50
Q

Septuagint (LXX)

A

A Greek edition of the Hebrew Bible written by several generations of Jewish translators living in Alexandria, Egypt, beginning about 250 BCE.

51
Q

Sermon on the Mount

A

The first and greatest collection of Jesus’ teachings in Matthew.

52
Q

Servant Songs

A

A series of poems in Second Isaiah about a suffering servant.

53
Q

Shema

A

Judaism’s supreme declaration of covenant faith, expressed in Deut 6:4-9, beginning: “Listen, Israel: Yahweh our God is the one Yahweh.”

54
Q

Solomon

A

The third king of the United Monarchy and son of David and Bathsheba who was famous for his wisdom and for building the temple

55
Q

Suzerain treaty

A

An agreement in which the suzerain protects a less powerful vassal in exchange for the vassal’s loyalty.

56
Q

Synoptic Gospels

A

The first three Gospels—Matthew, Mark, and Luke—so named becausethey share a large quantity of material in common, allowing their texts tobe viewed together “with one eye.”

57
Q

Tabernacle

A

The resting place for the Ark of the Covenant until Solomon’s Temple wasbuilt.

58
Q

Two-Source Hypothesis

A

Theory that authors of Matthew and Luke used Mark and Q (collection of Jesus’ sayings) as sources in writing their gospels.

59
Q

yam suf

A

Red Sea

60
Q

YHWH/Tetragrammaton

A

Refers to the divine name in the Hebrew Bible, translated as “Lord,” the personal name of Israel’s God.

Old Testament Test 1 (6 decks)

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